Soaps: From the phoenicians to the 20th century—A historical review

Routh, Hirak Behari; Bhowmik, Kazal Rekha; Parish, Lawrence Charles; Witkowski, Joseph A.

doi:10.1016/0738-081x(95)00101-k

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For generations, patients and physicians believed that successful treatment of acne depended on the degreasing of the skin to an extent, which produces noticeable peeling [ 85 ]. In fact, soap has been advocated in the treatment of acne since the nineteenth century [ 86 ].…”

Section: Acne Poor Skin Hygiene and Soapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myths and Beliefs of Acne Pathogenesis: Diet, Smoking, Hygiene

Davidovici

Wolf

2014

Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea

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Section: Acne Poor Skin Hygiene and Soapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myths and Beliefs of Acne Pathogenesis: Diet, Smoking, Hygiene

Davidovici

Wolf

2014

Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne and Rosacea

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“…Soap brands have the potential to have a public health impact on handwashing with soap at scale in several ways. Industrial revolutions in manufacturing and transportation at the turn of the 20th century created the economic conditions for soaps to become widely available to consumers (Routh, Bhowmik, Parish, & Witkowski, 1996). Shortly thereafter, the communication revolutions of radio and television gave leading companies a new, cost-effective platform to convince consumers of the benefits of using their products.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Two Complementary Mass-Scale Media Interventions on Handwashing with Soap among Mothers

Tidwell¹,

Gopalakrishnan

Lovelady

et al. 2019

Journal of Health Communication

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Poor handwashing behavior is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. We evaluated two complementary mass-scale media interventions targeting mothers to increase the frequency of handwashing with soap; one using TV advertising, and the other mobile phone messaging. Television Commercials (TVCs): Mothers of 4-12 year-old children (n = 756) were randomly allocated among four arms: Three different branded TVCs and a fourth, control TVC unrelated to handwashing. TVCs were embedded in blocks of unrelated commercials and shown once a week over four weeks in participants' own homes. Mobile messages: New mothers (n = 598) and mothers of 4-7 year-old children (n = 501) were enrolled in a treatment or control arm. Mothers in the treatment arm received branded mobile phone messages twice weekly for 8 weeks (new mothers) or 4 weeks (mothers of 4-7 year-olds). For TVCs, there were higher rates of handwashing with soap at key occasions in the first (RR: 1.33, p = .002) and second (RR: 1.26, p = .041) of three treatment arms, or 0.4 additional handwashes with soap on key occasions daily. In the mobile study, new mothers (adj-RR: 1.04, p = .035) and general mothers (RR: 1.07, p = .007) receiving the intervention were more likely to wash their hands with soap on key occasions than those in the control group, corresponding to 1.3 and 1.0 more occasions daily. These interventions were associated with significantly greater handwashing with soap, consistent with the hypothesis that branded mass communications can impact habitual lifestyle behaviors relevant to public health.

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“…There is also archeological evidence that soap was used in various Roman painting techniques (64)(65)(66)(67). It is also quite probable that soap production was occurring in other parts of the world and other civilizations during this time, but no evidence has yet been found to confirm it (25,54).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The romance language words for soap are from the late Latin sapo, mentioned in the writings of Pliny (24), which is a Germanic loan-word. Keeping in mind that in many languages the pronunciation of certain letters is interchangeable, translations of the word soap are quite similar and are cognates of one another (Table 2) (22,25). Ezov, the classical Hebrew name for a plant used for ritualistic cleansing in the Bible, translates to hyssop in English (26).…”

Section: Origins Of Soapmentioning

confidence: 99%