snoRNPs: Functions in Ribosome Biogenesis

Ojha, Sandeep; Malla, Sulochan; Lyons, Shawn M.

doi:10.3390/biom10050783

Cited by 82 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 233 publications

(266 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with the importance of functional ribosomes, many diseases are related to failures in ribosomal assembly [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], and therefore, cellular mechanisms for quality control of ribosome assembly have evolved [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Ribosome biogenesis is regulated by many ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), usually components of ribonucleolar particles named snoRNPs [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Existence and Localization of Nuclear snoRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana Revisited

Streit

Shanmugam

Garbelyanski

et al. 2020

Plants

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Ribosome biogenesis is one cell function-defining process. It depends on efficient transcription of rDNAs in the nucleolus as well as on the cytosolic synthesis of ribosomal proteins. For newly transcribed rRNA modification and ribosomal protein assembly, so-called small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs) are required. For both, an inventory was established for model systems like yeast and humans. For plants, many assignments are based on predictions. Here, RNA deep sequencing after nuclei enrichment was combined with single molecule species detection by northern blot and in vivo fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based localization studies. In addition, the occurrence and abundance of selected snoRNAs in different tissues were determined. These approaches confirm the presence of most of the database-deposited snoRNAs in cell cultures, but some of them are localized in the cytosol rather than in the nucleus. Further, for the explored snoRNA examples, differences in their abundance in different tissues were observed, suggesting a tissue-specific function of some snoRNAs. Thus, based on prediction and experimental confirmation, many plant snoRNAs can be proposed, while it cannot be excluded that some of the proposed snoRNAs perform alternative functions than are involved in rRNA modification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Existence and Localization of Nuclear snoRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana Revisited

Streit

Shanmugam

Garbelyanski

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Furthermore, loss of snR10 results in slow growth, impaired production of ribosomal small subunits, loss of pseudouridylation at positions 2919 (which occurs in the A loop), and a reduced rate of protein synthesis 26 . This gene is also associated to cells with higher susceptibility to osmotic and cold stresses 25 . In addition, also snR191 is downregulated at 120 min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 60S ribosomal subunit contains three rRNAs (25S, 5.8S, and 5S) and ∼46 ribosomal proteins, while the 40S subunit is composed of a single rRNA (18S) and ∼33 proteins 23 . The yeast genome is reported to encode 137 ribosomal protein genes (RPGs), ∼150 rDNA repeats, and 76 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), that are mainly involved in the post-transcriptional modifications of the rRNAs 24 , 25 . Changes in the expression of each single components participating in the overall process may affect the ribosome biogenesis 25 – 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The yeast genome is reported to encode 137 ribosomal protein genes (RPGs), ∼150 rDNA repeats, and 76 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), that are mainly involved in the post-transcriptional modifications of the rRNAs 24 , 25 . Changes in the expression of each single components participating in the overall process may affect the ribosome biogenesis 25 – 27 . RPGs in yeast are characterized by couples of paralogs 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Translation machinery reprogramming in programmed cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2021

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Programmed cell death involves complex molecular pathways in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In Escherichia coli, the toxin–antitoxin system (TA-system) has been described as a programmed cell death pathway in which mRNA and ribosome organizations are modified, favoring the production of specific death-related proteins, but also of a minor portion of survival proteins, determining the destiny of the cell population. In the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the ribosome was shown to change its stoichiometry in terms of ribosomal protein content during stress response, affecting the relative proportion between ohnologs, i.e., the couple of paralogs derived by a whole genome duplication event. Here, we confirm the differential expression of ribosomal proteins in yeast also during programmed cell death induced by acetic acid, and we highlight that also in this case pairs of ohnologs are involved. We also show that there are different trends in cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins gene expression during the process. Moreover, we show that the exposure to acetic acid induces the differential expression of further genes coding for products related to translation processes and to rRNA post-transcriptional maturation, involving mRNA decapping, affecting translation accuracy, and snoRNA synthesis. Our results suggest that the reprogramming of the overall translation apparatus, including the cytosolic ribosome reorganization, are relevant events in yeast programmed cell death induced by acetic acid.

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“…These modifications can be found in functionally important regions of the ribosome, some of them being essential to regulate translational efficiency [ 23 ] and fidelity [ 24 ]. In addition, numerous C/D boxes or H/ACA boxes snoRNA not involved in ribose 2′- O -methylation or in rRNA pseudouridylation, like U3, U8, U14, U22, U17, and some long non-coding RNAs like RMRP are involved in rRNA processing and maturation [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Altered Ribosome Production Can Cause or Contribute to Human Disease: The Spectrum of Ribosomopathies

Venturi

Montanaro

2020

Cells

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A number of different defects in the process of ribosome production can lead to a diversified spectrum of disorders that are collectively identified as ribosomopathies. The specific factors involved may either play a role only in ribosome biogenesis or have additional extra-ribosomal functions, making it difficult to ascribe the pathogenesis of the disease specifically to an altered ribosome biogenesis, even if the latter is clearly affected. We reviewed the available literature in the field from this point of view with the aim of distinguishing, among ribosomopathies, the ones due to specific alterations in the process of ribosome production from those characterized by a multifactorial pathogenesis.

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snoRNPs: Functions in Ribosome Biogenesis

Cited by 82 publications

References 233 publications

The Existence and Localization of Nuclear snoRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana Revisited

The Existence and Localization of Nuclear snoRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana Revisited

Translation machinery reprogramming in programmed cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

How Altered Ribosome Production Can Cause or Contribute to Human Disease: The Spectrum of Ribosomopathies

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