Snapshot of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq

Ahmed, Mohanad Mohsin; Mohammed, Suhad Hadi; Nasurallah, Hasan A. Abood; Ali, Mousa Mohsin; Couvin, David; Rastogi, Nalin

doi:10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.07.006

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The highest discrimination for allelic diversity was achieved using MIRU loci 10 and 26 (33.3%), in this work ( h ≥ 0.6), followed by MIRU loci 16 and 31 as the moderate discriminatory (20%). These are the loci previously reported as the most discriminatory in a number of other settings in Iran and elsewhere [10,25–29]. Although the system based on 12 loci is most widely used among different sets of MIRU‐VNTR loci, however, the discriminatory of present study was lower than those of other studies, in which the investigators reported the higher discriminatory yielded by 24 loci MIRU‐VNTR on their isolates [7,13].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Genetic diversity of multidrug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis patients in Iran using MIRU‐VNTR technique

Khosravi

Shahraki

Dezfuli

et al. 2017

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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Tuberculosis (TB) is considered as one of the most important infectious diseases in the world, and recent rise and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains, have made the matter worsened. Due to the importance of TB prevalence in Iran, this study was designed to investigate the genetic diversity among MDR strains of MTB by MIRU-VNTR typing scheme. A total of 88 drug resistant M. tuberculosis isolates belong to pulmonary TB cases were collected from several TB reference centers of Iran. Drug susceptibility testing for Isoniazid and Rifampin was performed using the agar proportion method and MDR isolates were underwent genotyping by using 12-locus- based MIRU-VNTR typing. On performing proportion method, 22 isolates were identified as MDR. By typing of MDR isolates using 12-loci MIRU-VNTR technique, high diversity were demonstrated in MDR strains and these were classified into 20 distinct MIRU-VNTR genotypes. MIRU loci 10 and 26 were the most discriminatory loci with 8 and 7 alleles respectively; while MIRU loci 2, 20, 24 and 39 were found to be the least discriminatory with 1-2 alleles each. We noticed a mixed infection in isolate 53, as this isolate comprised simultaneous two alleles in MIRU loci 40, 10, 16 and 39. In conclusion, this result represents MIRU-VNTR typing as a useful tool for studying genetic diversity of MDR-MTB in regional settings, and will help the health sectors to construct a preventive program for MDR-TB. Additionally, it can detect mixed infection which can facilitate management of treatment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Genetic diversity of multidrug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis patients in Iran using MIRU‐VNTR technique

Khosravi

Shahraki

Dezfuli

et al. 2017

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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“… 15 Other intermediate TB-burden countries, such as Iran, Iraq, and Turkey reported lower rates of transmission, ranging from 24% to 35.9%, based on classical genotyping methods. 14 , 16 , 17 Nevertheless, the different methodological approaches employed herein – compared with studies conducted in nearby regions – make the process of contextualizing transmission dynamics very challenging. However, strikingly, our data suggest that, transmission of full first-line-resistant MTBC strains leading to extended primary MDR-TB cases is a major factor for the emergence of MDR-TB in Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-resistance profiling and transmission dynamics of multidrug-resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> in Saudi Arabia revealed by whole genome sequencing

Al-Ghafli

Kohl

Merker

et al. 2018

IDR

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BackgroundIn Saudi Arabia, cross-border transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains might be particularly fostered by high immigration rates. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the transmission dynamics of MDR-MTBC strains and reveal a detailed prediction of all resistance-conferring mutations for the first- and second-line drugs.MethodsWe investigated all MDR-MTBC strains collected between 2015 and 2017 from provincial mycobacteria referral laboratories and compared demographic and clinical parameters to a cohort of non-MDR-TB patients using a whole genome sequencing approach. Clusters were defined based on a maximum strain-to-strain genetic distance of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as surrogate marker for recent transmission, and then investigated molecular drug-resistance markers (37 genes).ResultsForty-eight (67.6%) MDR-MTBC strains were grouped in 14 different clusters, ranging in size from two to six strains; 22.5% (16/71) of all MDR-MTBC isolates were predicted to be fully resistant to all five first-line drugs, and five strains (7.0%) exhibited fluoroquinolone resistance. Moreover, we revealed the presence of 12 compensatory mutations as well as 26 non-synonymous SNPs in the rpoC gene and non-hotspot region in rpoB, respectivelyConclusionOptimized TB molecular surveillance, diagnosis, and patient management are urgently needed to contain MDR-MTBC transmission and prevent the development of additional drug resistance.

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“…This is partly attributed to the historical movements to and from Africa since colonial times particularly because movements were not strictly restricted. Studies done in different places in Asian continent have shown presence of confined local [ 52 , 53 ] and predominant ancestral TB strains [ 54 ] whose worldwide spread might indicate their origins. It might signify that despite ancestral origins of TB strains there are microevolutions that are taking place within the MTBC lineages that give rise to new locally evolving strains that share specific signatures [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Genetic Diversity Profiles in Tanzania and Other African Countries

et al. 2016

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The aim of this study was to assess and characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genotypic diversity in Tanzania, as well as in neighbouring East and other several African countries. We used spoligotyping to identify a total of 293 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates (one isolate per patient) collected in the Bunda, Dar es Salaam, Ngorongoro and Serengeti areas in Tanzania. The results were compared with results in the SITVIT2 international database of the Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe. Genotyping and phylogeographical analyses highlighted the predominance of the CAS, T, EAI, and LAM MTBC lineages in Tanzania. The three most frequent Spoligotype International Types (SITs) were: SIT21/CAS1-Kili (n = 76; 25.94%), SIT59/LAM11-ZWE (n = 22; 7.51%), and SIT126/EAI5 tentatively reclassified as EAI3-TZA (n = 18; 6.14%). Furthermore, three SITs were newly created in this study (SIT4056/EAI5 n = 2, SIT4057/T1 n = 1, and SIT4058/EAI5 n = 1). We noted that the East-African-Indian (EAI) lineage was more predominant in Bunda, the Manu lineage was more common among strains isolated in Ngorongoro, and the Central-Asian (CAS) lineage was more predominant in Dar es Salaam (p-value<0.0001). No statistically significant differences were noted when comparing HIV status of patients vs. major lineages (p-value = 0.103). However, when grouping lineages as Principal Genetic Groups (PGG), we noticed that PGG2/3 group (Haarlem, LAM, S, T, and X) was more associated with HIV-positive patients as compared to PGG1 group (Beijing, CAS, EAI, and Manu) (p-value = 0.03). This study provided mapping of MTBC genetic diversity in Tanzania (containing information on isolates from different cities) and neighbouring East African and other several African countries highlighting differences as regards to MTBC genotypic distribution between Tanzania and other African countries. This work also allowed underlining of spoligotyping patterns tentatively grouped within the newly designated EAI3-TZA lineage (remarkable by absence of spacers 2 and 3, and represented by SIT126) which seems to be specific to Tanzania. However, further genotyping information would be needed to confirm this specificity.

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Snapshot of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq

Abstract: Iraq is specific in having its own most predominant lineage (SIT1144/T1) which is not found among neighboring countries. The 15-locus MIRU-VNTR can be useful in discriminating M. tuberculosis isolates in Iraq.

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Genetic diversity of multidrug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis patients in Iran using MIRU‐VNTR technique

Genetic diversity of multidrug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis patients in Iran using MIRU‐VNTR technique

Drug-resistance profiling and transmission dynamics of multidrug-resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> in Saudi Arabia revealed by whole genome sequencing

Mapping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Genetic Diversity Profiles in Tanzania and Other African Countries

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