Snake Venom Poisoning in the United States: A Review of Therapeutic Practice

Gold, Barry S.; Wingert, Willis A.

doi:10.1097/00007611-199406000-00001

Cited by 60 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The total case fatality rate observed in this study (11.9%) also falls in the range of mortality of 3 to 58% found in previous studies of Nepal but it contrasts with other studies which had less than 7% of case fatalities 20,21,22,23,24 . This could be due to the fact that in those studies ASV were used in high doses (>10 vials) in first hour along with ICU facility available in their centres for intubated patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

A hospital based study on snake bite poisoning in adults in the western region of Nepal

et al. 2017

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Snake bite poisoning is an emergency condition with significant morbidity and mortality. It is more prevalent in Terai and Inner Terai regions of Nepal especially during monsoon season. There is no study on snake bite poisoning in adults in this part of the country after the introduction of national snake bite management guideline in 2003. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the clinico-epidemiological profile, amount of anti-snake venom used and outcome of snake bites. Six hundred and thirty eight cases of snake bite poisoning above the age of 15 years admitted in emergency department of the hospital, over a period of 6 years from 2004/2005 to 2009/2010 were evaluated retrospectively. The study showed almost equal numbers of bites in males and females (50.3% vs 49.7%) with two third of victims of 15 to 45 years of age. Most of the poisonings (68%) was seen during June, July and August months corresponding to the monsoon season in Nepal. Majority of the victims could not identify the snakes (45 %).Fingers & hands were bitten in majority cases (43 %). Ptosis was observed in all cases of snake bite poisoning. About 21% of the adults had respiratory distress needing respiratory support. Average ASV used was 21.3 vials. Case fatality rate (CFR) was 11.9% with more fatality on those with respiratory distress. As mortality due to snakebite poisoning and consumption of antisnake venom is still high with the use of national protocol 2003, further study to evaluate alternate protocol is recommended.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

A hospital based study on snake bite poisoning in adults in the western region of Nepal

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, not all snakebites result in envenomations, for example, between 20 and 25% of pit viper bites are innocuous (16,17). Therefore, the severity of clinical signs may vary considerably among snakebite victims.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple bothropic envenomation in horses caused by a single snake

Chiacchio

Martins

Amorim³

et al. 2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:In the present study, snakebites caused by a single Bothrops pauloensis simultaneously affecting three male adult horses are described. Whereas the first two affected horses were six years old, the third was 16 years old; they weighed respectively 555, 550 and 500 kg. All horses presented swollen muzzles. The first animal received an initial antivenom dose of 19 vials and adjuvant medication, it was also subjected to tracheostomy due to the progression of acute respiratory failure. The second and third horses respectively received 15 vials of antivenom each, in addition to adjuvant medication. Due to continuous changes in blood coagulation observed during hospitalization, the first and the second horses received five more vials of antivenom, respectively, in the second and third days of treatment. The first animal was discharged on 15 th day and the other on the 8 th day of hospitalization. Several factors including the main actions of Bothrops venom (coagulation, proteolytic and vasculotoxic activities), the importance of early diagnosis based on clinical history and clinical examination suggesting the diagnosis of Bothrops snakebite, the adequate doses of antivenom, and finally the immediate tracheostomy are herein discussed. The tracheostomy, required to save the life of the first horse, should only occur after the administration of antivenom and control measures for changes in blood coagulation.

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“…In this regard, it is important that autonomic reactions must not be mistaken for systemic symptoms and signs resulting from the snakebite. Therefore, local and systemic signs must be evaluated profoundly (4,(8)(9)(10) In addition, an envenomed one should be reassured and a firm immobilization must be strictly applied to the bitted limb and it must be kept it below the heart level. Then any jewel or constricting cloth should be removed before the development of edema.…”

Section: Snakebite First Aidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally electric shock therapy (often with a stun gun) is of no use, and could cause serious injury and was discouraged by many authors (8,12,15,16). Venom pump extractor can be beneficial, if applied in few minutes (3-5min) after the snakebite (8,10,12,17).…”

Section: Snakebite First Aidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venomous Snake Bite in Turkey: First Aid and Treatment

Ertem

2004

ELECTRON J GEN MED

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Snake Venom Poisoning in the United States: A Review of Therapeutic Practice

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

A hospital based study on snake bite poisoning in adults in the western region of Nepal

A hospital based study on snake bite poisoning in adults in the western region of Nepal

Triple bothropic envenomation in horses caused by a single snake

Venomous Snake Bite in Turkey: First Aid and Treatment

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