Venomous Snake Bite in Turkey: First Aid and Treatment

Ertem, Kadir

doi:10.29333/ejgm/82236

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Currently, snakebites, particularly involving Macrovipera lebetina lebetina, comprise an important medical emergency in Cyprus and other areas (9,(25)(26)(27). Viper snake venom is highly toxic to humans and vipers are considered one of the most dangerous snakes in the world (28)(29)(30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of in vivo toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity of venom from the Cypriot blunt-nosed viper Macrovipera lebetina lebetina and antivenom production

Nalbantsoy¹,

Karabay-Yavasoglu²,

Sayim³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:The venomous Levantine viper, Macrovipera lebetina lebetina is endemic to Cyprus. The objective of this study was to investigate in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo lethality, and antivenom production followed by a re-immunization schedule in mice against Macrovipera lebetina lebetina venom. The LD 50 value was estimated as 7.58mg/kg within 24 hours by different venom doses administrated intraperitoneally in mice. Freund's complete and incomplete adjuvants were used for first and second immunization of mice in antivenom production. A cell-based assay was performed to determine the effects of Macrovipera lebetina lebetina venom and antivenom neutralizing potency on L929 cell viability. The snake venom toxicity and cytotoxicity were examined and comparison of results showed good correlation, the LD 50 value was tenfold higher than the IC 50 value. The IC 50 value was 0.62 ± 0.18 µg/mL after 48 hours treatment while the calculated value was 1.62 ± 0.25 µg/mL for the culture media totally refreshed after two hours treatment with venom. The in vitro efficacy of antivenom against Macrovipera lebetina lebetina venom was found to be low. This is the first report that describes the in vivo and in vitro toxic effects of Macrovipera lebetina lebetina venom and antivenom production against this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of in vivo toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity of venom from the Cypriot blunt-nosed viper Macrovipera lebetina lebetina and antivenom production

Nalbantsoy¹,

Karabay-Yavasoglu²,

Sayim³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…The rich herpetofauna has more than ten venomous snake species, several of which with an unresolved taxonomic status 18,50,51 . Similar to tropical and subtropical regions, snakebite represents a major health burden in Türkiye, but the exact magnitude remains unclear due to the lack of comprehensive data [52][53][54] . Several studies address concrete numbers about snakebite envenoming in Türkiye, like Oto and Haspolat (2021) showed that in southeast regions alone 108 children has been hospitalized between 2006 and 2011, not including dry bites 55 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venomics and Peptidomics of Palearctic vipers: Clade-wide analysis of seven taxa of the generaVipera,Montivipera,MacroviperaandDaboiaacross Türkiye

Damm,

Karış,

Petras

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Snake venom variations are a crucial factor to understand the consequences of snakebite envenoming worldwide and therefore it's important to know about toxin composition alterations between taxa. Palearctic vipers of the generaVipera,Montivipera,MacroviperaandDaboiahave high medical impacts across the Old World. One hotspot for their occurrence and diversity is Türkiye on the border between the continents, but many of their venoms remain still understudied. Here, we present the venom compositions of seven Turkish viper taxa. By complementary mass spectrometry-based bottom-up and top-down workflows, the venom profiles were investigated on proteomics and peptidomics level. This study includes the first venom descriptions ofVipera berus barani,Vipera darevskii,Montivipera bulgardaghica albizonaandMontivipera xanthina, as well as first snake venomics profiles of TurkishMacrovipera lebetinus obtusaandDaboia palaestinae, including an in-depth reanalysis ofMontivipera bulgardaghica bulgardaghicavenom. Additionally, we identified the modular consensus sequence pEXW(PZ)1-2P(EI)/(KV)PPLE for bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPP) in viper venoms. For better insights into variations and potential impacts of medical significance the venoms were compared against other Palearctic viper proteomes, including the first genus-wideMontiviperavenom comparison. This will help the risk assessment of snakebite envenoming by these vipers and aid in predicting the venoms pathophysiology and clinical treatments.

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“…On the border between Europe and Asia, Türkiye represents a hotspot of snake diversity, hosting members of all four Palearctic viper genera. ,− Similar to tropical and subtropical regions, snakebite represents a major health burden in Türkiye, but the exact magnitude remains unclear due to the lack of comprehensive data. − Only a few studies address concrete numbers about snakebite envenoming in Türkiye. ,, While awareness of snakebite grows, the species responsible for a bite are often not known. It is therefore necessary to investigate the range of venomous snakes in the country and the extent to which their venoms are composed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venomics and Peptidomics of Palearctic Vipers: A Clade-Wide Analysis of Seven Taxa of the Genera Vipera, Montivipera, Macrovipera, and Daboia across Türkiye

Damm,

Karış,

Petras

et al. 2024

J. Proteome Res.

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Snake venom variations are a crucial factor to understand the consequences of snakebite envenoming worldwide, and therefore it is important to know about toxin composition alterations between taxa. Palearctic vipers of the genera Vipera, Montivipera, Macrovipera, and Daboia have high medical impacts across the Old World. One hotspot for their occurrence and diversity is Turkiye, located on the border between continents, but many of their venoms remain still understudied. Here, we present the venom compositions of seven Turkish viper taxa. By complementary mass spectrometry-based bottom-up and topdown workflows, the venom profiles were investigated on proteomics and peptidomics level. This study includes the first venom descriptions of Vipera berus barani, Vipera darevskii, Montivipera bulgardaghica albizona, and Montivipera xanthina, as well as the first snake venomics profiles of Turkish Macrovipera lebetinus obtusa, and Daboia palaestinae, including an in-depth reanalysis of M. bulgardaghica bulgardaghica venom. Additionally, we identified the modular consensus sequence pEXW(PZ) 1−2 P(EI)/(KV)PPLE for bradykinin-potentiating peptides in viper venoms. For better insights into variations and potential impacts of medical significance, the venoms were compared against other Palearctic viper proteomes, including the first genus-wide Montivipera venom comparison. This will help the risk assessment of snakebite envenoming by these vipers and aid in predicting the venoms' pathophysiology and clinical treatments.

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Venomous Snake Bite in Turkey: First Aid and Treatment

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Determination of in vivo toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity of venom from the Cypriot blunt-nosed viper Macrovipera lebetina lebetina and antivenom production

Determination of in vivo toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity of venom from the Cypriot blunt-nosed viper Macrovipera lebetina lebetina and antivenom production

Venomics and Peptidomics of Palearctic vipers: Clade-wide analysis of seven taxa of the generaVipera,Montivipera,MacroviperaandDaboiaacross Türkiye

Venomics and Peptidomics of Palearctic Vipers: A Clade-Wide Analysis of Seven Taxa of the Genera Vipera, Montivipera, Macrovipera, and Daboia across Türkiye

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