Snake envenomation treatment in tropical Africa

Chippaux, Jean‐Philippe; Amadi-Eddine, S.; Fagot, P.; Rage, V.; Lang, James D.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(96)83679-8

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A clinical reassessment every 2 hours is essential to ensure patient safety while preserving the antivenom resource. 20WBCT can't be use as criteria of antivenom re-administration due to poor specificity and long delay before normalization [31,37,38]. The clinical and especially biological criteria should be further refined by other studies which must also identify effective symptomatic treatments to treat coagulation instability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real life condition evaluation of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA antivenom effectiveness in Cameroon

Chippaux,

Ntone,

Benhammou

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Snakebites is a serious public health issue but remains a neglected tropical disease. Data on antivenom effectiveness are urgently needed in Africa. We assessed effectiveness of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA (IPA), the recommended antivenom available in Cameroon. Methodology/Principal findings We enrolled 447 patients presenting with snakebite in 14 health facilities across Cameroon. At presentation, cytotoxicity, coagulation troubles and neurotoxicity were graded. We administered two to four vials of antivenom to patients based on hemotoxic or neurotoxic signs. We renewed antivenom administration to patients with persistence of bleedings or neurotoxicity 2 hours after each injection. We defined early improvement as a reduction of the grade of envenomation symptoms 2 hours after first injection. Medium-term effectiveness was investigated looking at disappearance of symptoms during hospitalization. After hospital discharge, a home visit was planned to assess long-term outcomes. Between October 2019 and May 2021, we enrolled 447 (93.7%), including 72% from the savannah regions. The median [IQR] age was 25 [14–40]. Envenomation was diagnosed in 369 (82.6%) participants. The antivenom was administered to 356 patients (96.5%) of whom 256 (71.9%) received one administration. Among these patients, cytotoxic symptoms were observed in 336 (94.4%) participants, coagulation disorders in 234 (65.7%) participants and neurotoxicity in 23 (6.5%) participants. Two hours after the first administration of antivenom, we observed a decrease in coagulation disorders or neurotoxicity in 75.2% and 39.1% of patients, respectively. Complete cessation of bleedings and neurotoxicity occurred in 96% and 93% of patients within 24 hours, respectively. Sequelae have been observed in 9 (3%) patients at the home visit 15 days after hospital admission and 11 (3%) died including one before antivenom injection. Conclusions/Significance We confirmed good effectiveness of the IPA and highlighted the rapid improvement in bleeding or neurotoxicity after the first administration. Sequential administrations of low doses of antivenom, rigorously assessed at short intervals for an eventual renewal, can preserve patient safety and save antivenom. Trial registration NCT03326492.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real life condition evaluation of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA antivenom effectiveness in Cameroon

Chippaux,

Ntone,

Benhammou

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…According to these authors, the root of Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen. (Polygalaceae) can be used in the case of envenomations by Elapidae" [22][23][24]. In addition, in the Bouaké region (Côte d'Ivoire), some populations use two Fabaceae, namely Mucuna pruriens and Pongamia pinnata to treat cases of ophidian envenomations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. and Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (Fabaceae) Minerals on Biochemical Parameters of Oryctolagus cuniculus as Antivenom

Okou

Akré

Koffi

et al. 2023

AJOB

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Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antivenom action of minerals from two plants on the biochemical parameters of rabbits. Methodology: For its realization, thirty-six (36) rabbits including nineteen (19) males and seventeen (17) females were divided into three portions (E1, E2 and E3). In each portion, there are different batches with three rabbits per batch. So, for E1, each rabbit of the control lot and those of the experimental lot were collected separately in the red tubes (dry tubes). However, those from the experimental batch were injected 20-30 minutes after the injection of Naja nigricollis venom. For E2, each rabbit in a given experimental batch was first scarified with a specific potion initially prepared and then separately harvested the following day. Then, each animal was separately envenomed and then separately sampled. In E3, the same procedure of E2 was observed with the only difference that this time, each animal of a given experimental lot was first separately envenomed and then scarified with a precise potion previously prepared and subsequently collected three days later. All the blood samples taken in the various red tubes were transported in a cooler for the determination of biochemical parameters. Results: The venom has a dose-dependent action on the red blood cells in vitro, whereas the in vivo tests highlighted in a general way, the stabilizing and preventive action of the minerals from the potion P2 (Mucuna pruriens), P3 (Pongamia pinnata), P4, P5 and P6, and the curative action of P1 and P3 (Pongamia pinnata) on some biochemical parameters. Indeed, their action was manifested by the survival of some envenomed animals with a greater activity for P3. Conclusion: For the development of an antivenom, it would be advisable to use more Pongamia pinnata because of its effectiveness both preventively and curatively.

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“…These reasons justify the choice of this survey. Several investigations have been carried out on venomous bites by scientists [3,4,5,6,2,7,8,9]; but none on the improvement of health conditions in Hina. The venomous animals are an obstacle to development and pose a threat to public health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Investigations on the Traditional Pharmacopoeia about Venomous Bites and Stings from Scorpions, Snakes and Spiders; in the Hina Subdivision, Far-North, Cameroon

Noumi

Mamoudou

2015

BJPR

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Background: This study aimed to find out (a) which plants and animals are used in popular phytoand zootherapy for the treatment of spiders, scorpions and snake venoms in the Hina subdivision, of the Far-North Region of Cameroon, and (b) the reasons for these usage. Methods: The morbidity data on venomous bites and stings was obtained from the Hina-Marback (main town of subdivision) hospital. Information on the treatment was gathered through interviews with traditional healers and conversation with people who had spent their entire lives in the region. Results: Of the 31 patients recorded at Hina-Marback hospital, 22.58% are 3 to 10 years and 35.5% are 11 to 20 years old. Among victims, 41.9% were pupils of whom 64.5% were males. Necrotize bites and stings are most frequent constituting 67.7% of the total. Of 82 patients studied, bites from Echis ocellatus (49.9%) and Cobra nigricollis (23.2%) are most frequent. Twenty-two plant species belonging to 20 genera were collected, from which 22 therapeutic preparations are used for treatment. While some preparations such as from Annona senegalensis are used to treat

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Snake envenomation treatment in tropical Africa

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Real life condition evaluation of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA antivenom effectiveness in Cameroon

Real life condition evaluation of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA antivenom effectiveness in Cameroon

Screening of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. and Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (Fabaceae) Minerals on Biochemical Parameters of Oryctolagus cuniculus as Antivenom

Some Investigations on the Traditional Pharmacopoeia about Venomous Bites and Stings from Scorpions, Snakes and Spiders; in the Hina Subdivision, Far-North, Cameroon

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