Snag Use by Foraging Black-Backed Woodpeckers (Picoides Arcticus) in a Recently Burned Eastern Boreal Forest

Nappi, Antoine; Drapeau, Pierre; Giroux, Jean‐François; Savard, Jean‐Pierre L.

doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0505:subfbw]2.0.co;2

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…One exception to the apparent lack of pre-fire habitat-type selectivity in our study was pinyon-juniper forest v www.esajournals.org (PJN in Fig. 2) for which we had no detections; this habitat may not have enough large-boled trees to support this species (Nappi et al 2003).…”

Section: Occupancy Modelingcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Occupancy modeling of Black-backed Woodpeckers on burned Sierra Nevada forests

2011

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Abstract. The Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) has been designated by the USDA Forest Service as a management indicator species for snags in burned conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada of California, USA. However, little is known about the characteristics that affect between-fire and within-fire habitat selection by the species in the region. Here we report on the first broad-scale survey of Black-backed Woodpeckers on wildfire-affected forests of the Sierra Nevada. We implemented a Bayesian hierarchical model to: 1) estimate Black-backed Woodpecker occupancy probability in fire areas burned within a time window of 1-10 years; 2) identify relationships between occupancy probability and habitat covariates (fire age, change in canopy cover pre-to-post fire, and snag basal area), elevation, and latitude; and 3) estimate detection probability and relate it to survey interval length and survey type (passive v. broadcast). We included random fire-area effects in our model of occupancy probability to accommodate clusters of nonindependent points surveyed within the larger set of fire areas. Mean occupancy probability was estimated to be 0.097. Elevation (after controlling for latitude) had the strongest effect on occupancy probability (higher occupancy at higher elevation) followed by latitude (higher occupancy at northerly sites). Fire age was also important; occupancy probability was about 43 higher on the youngest compared to oldest fires. Although the direction of regression coefficients were in the expected direction (positive), snag basal area and canopy cover change were of minor importance in affecting occupancy probability. There was some indication, however, that the importance of snag basal area increased with fire age. Weak links between occupancy and canopy cover change suggested the species uses a range of burn severities, and such heterogeneity may promote habitat longevity. Our estimate of overall detection probability (across all survey intervals) was 0.772. We found strong effects of survey interval length (higher for longer interval) and, especially survey type (higher for broadcast survey) on detection probability. Our modeling framework and implementation illustrates the flexibility of the Bayesian hierarchical approach for handling complexities such as estimating derived parameters (and variances) and modeling random effects, and should prove generally useful for occupancy studies.

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Section: Occupancy Modelingcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Occupancy modeling of Black-backed Woodpeckers on burned Sierra Nevada forests

2011

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“…Black-backed woodpeckers feed on wood-boring beetles that colonize newly-created snags following disturbance, and their abundances are strongly correlated to the availability of both large snags and insect prey (Setterington et al 2000, Nappi et al 2003, Strepnisky 2003. In central Ontario, Kingsley (1998) found low numbers of black-backed woodpeckers in white pine-dominated stands under uniform shelterwood management, as well as in unmanaged stands, and suggested that this harvesting system would not negatively affect blackbacked woodpeckers as long as snags are retained throughout the harvest rotation.…”

Section: Woodpeckersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of partial harvesting on vertebrate species associated with late-successional forests in Ontario’s boreal region

Vanderwel¹,

Mills²,

Malcolm³

2009

The Forestry Chronicle

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In the boreal forest region, partial-harvest silviculture has been garnering increasing interest as a means of maintaining wildlife species and habitat structure associated with late-successional forests. If late-successional species can find suitable habitat in partially harvested stands with a given level of structural retention, then partial harvesting might represent a viable silvicultural tool for maintaining wildlife dependent on mature or old-forest habitat within managed stands over time. Here we summarize literature on the responses of late-successional amphibians, birds, and mammals in Ontario's boreal region to various intensities of partial harvesting. We assess species responses from comparisons of habitat use in harvested and unharvested stands; we do not explicitly consider impacts of partial harvesting applied over large areas across the landscape. At the stand scale, light-intensity harvesting (70% retention) negatively affects several passerine birds, as well as spruce grouse winter habitat, but most late-successional species (including all mammals and amphibians considered) appear to be tolerant of this level of habitat alteration. Moderate-intensity harvesting (50% retention) was found to reduce the abundance of about 40% of the species considered, particularly cavity-and snag-dependent species (martens, northern flying squirrels, owls) and passerine birds that forage or nest in the canopy and understory. Highintensity (30% retention) partial harvesting was found to provide unsuitable habitat for about one quarter of all late-successional species, including most forest raptors, pileated and black-backed woodpeckers, brown creepers, northern flying squirrels, and woodland caribou. Also, studies indicate that additional passerine bird species would decrease in abundance, as would small, moisture-dependent, terrestrial species such as short-tailed shrews, red-backed voles, and eastern red-backed salamanders. There is a need to strengthen our understanding of responses to partial harvesting for nonpasserine birds and large mammals, and to verify species responses through experimental studies within Ontario's boreal region.Key words: structural retention, selection, shelterwood, seed tree, cavities, snags, downed woody debris, habitat suitability, amphibians, birds, mammals, biodiversity, review RÉSUMÉ Dans la région de la forêt boréale, la sylviculture basée sur une récolte partielle a attiré de plus en plus d'attention en tant que moyen de préserver les espèces sauvages et la structure du milieu associé aux forêts de fin de succession. Si les espèces de fin de succession peuvent retrouver un milieu adéquat dans les peuplements ayant subi une coupe partielle qui préserve à un niveau donné la structure du milieu, alors la coupe partielle pourrait constituer un outil sylvicole viable pour la préservation de la faune dépendante d'une forêt mûre ou d'une vieille forêt retrouvée au cours du temps parmi les peuplements aménagés. Nous avons résumé dans cet article la littérature portant sur les ...

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“…However, another critical component associated with snags for woodpeckers is the food web structure (decaying trees -saproxylic insects -foraging woodpeckers) that is related to their foraging requirements. Snags are critical habitats for saproxylic insects (Grove 2002;Jonsell et al 1998;Hanks 1999;Jonsson et al 2005;Saint-Germain et al 2006, which are important prey for many woodpecker species (Murphy and Lehnhausen 1998, Nappi et al 2003, Nappi 2009). Hence, woodpeckers represent a keystone group of species for which knowledge on both nesting and foraging requirements may help in setting deadwood conservation targets that could maintain keystone ecological processes in managed forest landscapes (Mikusiński et al 2001, Schmiegelow andMönkönnen 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standing deadwood for keystone bird species in the eastern boreal forest: Managing for snag dynamics

Drapeau

Nappi²,

Imbeau

et al. 2009

The Forestry Chronicle

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Extensive even-aged management of the boreal forest and its consequences on the loss of late-seral stages (>100 years) is raising concerns about the future of organisms associated with standing deadwood. The considerable reduction of deadwood not only at the stand but at the landscape level is considered to be one of the principal causes of biodiversity loss in managed forest ecosystems worldwide. Ecosystem-oriented management approaches propose a fundamental change in forestry practices whereby live and dead tree retention becomes an important consideration in forest harvesting. We use woodpecker assemblages and their association with standing deadwood for both nesting and foraging to emphasize the importance of the entire range of snag degradation stages for maintenance of key ecological processes in habitat remnants of managed landscapes. We argue that bridging foraging and nesting knowledge of woodpecker's snag requirements can refine conservation objectives for deadwood retention in the boreal forest.Key words: deadwood, woodpeckers, hole-nesting community, late-seral forests, keystone species, foraging and nesting tree requirements, food webs, nest webs, snag management RÉSUMÉ L'aménagement équien de la forêt boréale transforme le couvert forestier notamment en réduisant la proportion de forêts âgées (>100 ans). Cette diminution des forêts âgées s'accompagne d'une baisse considérable du bois mort à l' échelle des peuplements et des paysages, ce qui est considérée comme l'une des principales causes de perte de diversité biologique dans les forêts aménagées à l' échelle mondiale. Les approches écosystémiques proposent un changement fondamental en foresterie, soit que la rétention des arbres vivants et morts dans les forêts aménagées devient une considération importante en aménagement forestier. Dans cet article, nous utilisons les assemblages de pics et leurs relations avec le bois mort sur pied pour statuer sur l'importance de conserver le spectre complet de stades de dégradation du bois mort dans les habitats résiduels des territoires aménagés pour maintenir les fonctions écologiques des pics, un groupe d' espèces clés dans les forêts âgées. Nous considérons l'importance de faire les liens entre les besoins d'alimentation et de reproduction des pics pour raffiner les objectifs de conservation du bois mort en forêt boréale. For personal use only.

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Snag Use by Foraging Black-Backed Woodpeckers (Picoides Arcticus) in a Recently Burned Eastern Boreal Forest

Cited by 67 publications

References 17 publications

Occupancy modeling of Black-backed Woodpeckers on burned Sierra Nevada forests

Occupancy modeling of Black-backed Woodpeckers on burned Sierra Nevada forests

Effects of partial harvesting on vertebrate species associated with late-successional forests in Ontario’s boreal region

Standing deadwood for keystone bird species in the eastern boreal forest: Managing for snag dynamics

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