Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Modeling of Combined Wave and Surge Overtopping and Hydraulic Erosion of an Articulated Concrete Block-Strengthened Levee System

Abstract

Rao, X.; Li, L.; Amini, F., and Tang, H., 2012. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics modeling of combined wave and surge overtopping and hydraulic erosion of an articulated concrete block-strengthened levee system. Journal of Coastal Research, 28(6), 1500-1511. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Combined wave and surge overtopping may cause damage on earthen levees. Levee strengthened on the levee crest and landward-side slope can provide protection against the erosion damage induced by the combined wave and surge overtopping. In this paper combined wave overtopping and storm surge overflow of a levee with a trapezoidal cross section strengthened by an articulated concrete block (ACB) system was studied in a purely Lagrangian and meshless approach, two-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model. By comparing with the results of full-scale experiment data, the model was verified, and the erosion parameters were calibrated. Time series of overtopping discharge and flow thickness at six locations on the levee crest and landward-side slope were calculated. New equations were developed for average overtopping discharge, mean flow thickness, root mean square (RMS) wave height, mean velocity, and velocity of the wave front down the landward-side slope. The shear stresses on the levee crest and landwardside slope were calculated. The characteristics of soil loss were given. Equations were also provided to estimate soil loss. The range of the application of these equations was discussed.ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: SPH method, combined wave and surge overtopping, articulated concrete block system, levee, soil erosion.

Sensitivity of Combined Turbulent Wave Overtopping and Storm Surge Overflow Response to Variations in Levee Geometry

“…The spectral enhancement parameter c 0 is in the range of 1 to 6 and has a normal distribution with a mean value of 3.3 and a standard deviation of 0.79 (Hasselmann, 1973). Many studies on wave overtopping replace H s with the energy-based significant wave height, H m0 (Hughes and Nadal, 2009;Rao et al, 2012;Pan et al, 2013;Schüttrumpf et al, 2001). In this paper, H m0 is also employed as the representative wave parameter and calculated by analyzing the generated random wave by Equation (26).…”

“…Based on physical experiments and numerical models, several empirical formulae have been developed to predict overtopping of levees under given wave conditions and water levels (Henderson, 1966;Hughes and Nadal, 2009;Kindsvater, 1964;Pan et al, 2013;Pullen et al, 2007;Rao et al, 2012;Reeve, Soliman, and Lin, 2008;Yuan et al, 2014a). Turbulence, bottom shear stress, and erosion rate are also very important parameters for evaluating the slope protection, HPTRM, and improving the design guideline of HPTRM-strengthened levees under combined wave overtopping and storm surge overflow.…”

Full-scale laboratory study on distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes over a levee under negative freeboard

“…The climate changes lead to the sea level rising at an increased rate and storms increasing in intensity and duration (IPCC, 2007), which increases the risk of wave overtopping under negative freeboard. Since hurricane Katrina, wave overtopping under negative freeboard has been studied by several researchers (Li et al, 2012;Li et al, 2014;Pan et al, 2013ab;Rao et al, 2012;Yuan et al, 2014ab). Hughes and Nadal (2009) The analysis and discussions in this paper are based on the measurements and observations of full-scale flume tests (Pan et al, 2013a).…”

SPH Modeling of Surge Overflow over RCC Strengthened Levee

“…Since the levee breach usually occurs under wave condition and as a result of wetting drying flood phenomena, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is more appropriate [9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. The SPH method is a gridless, pure Lagrangian method for solving the equations of fluid dynamics.…”

“…Dalrymple and Rogers [19] demonstrated the SPH method in modeling breaking waves on beaches in two and three dimensions, green water overtopping of decks, and wave structure interaction. Rao et al [15] used the SPH method to simulate the combined wave and surge overtopping and hydraulic erosion of a levee embankment strengthened by articulated concrete block system.…”