Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements to Extraretinal Motion Signals

Thaker, Gunvant K.; Ross, David E.; Cassady, Shawn L.; Adami, Helene; LaPorte, David J.; Medoff, Deborah R.; Lahti, Adrienne C.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.9.830

Cited by 90 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Moreover, CD disturbances could reflect symptom vulnerability, rather being a proximal mechanism of psychosis. Consistent with that notion, abnormal predictive pursuit [23, 49, 50] (and smooth pursuit more generally [18]), as well as abnormal antisaccade error corrections [28] have also been observed in asymptomatic relatives of schizophrenia patients, suggesting a genetically mediated trait. Retrospective data showing CD abnormalities in high-risk individuals who eventually develop psychosis versus those who do not [51] would be particularly illuminating in this regard, but to our knowledge, these studies have not been performed.…”

Section: Evidence For Disturbed Oculomotor CD In Psychosismentioning

confidence: 79%

Oculomotor Prediction: A Window into the Psychotic Mind

Thakkar

Diwadkar

Rolfs

2017

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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Psychosis—an impaired contact with reality—is a hallmark of schizophrenia. Many psychotic symptoms are associated with disruptions in agency—the sense that I cause my actions. A failure to predict sensory consequences of one’s own actions may underlie agency disturbances. Such predictions rely on corollary discharge (CD) signals, “copies” of movement commands sent to sensory regions prior to action execution. Here, we make a case that the oculomotor system is a promising model for understanding CD in psychosis, building on advances in our understanding of the behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of CD associated with eye movements. We provide an overview of recent evidence for disturbed oculomotor CD in schizophrenia, potentially linking bizarre and disturbing psychotic experiences with basic physiological processes.

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Section: Evidence For Disturbed Oculomotor CD In Psychosismentioning

confidence: 79%

Oculomotor Prediction: A Window into the Psychotic Mind

Thakkar

Diwadkar

Rolfs

2017

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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“…As done in previous work (43), our a priori plan was to cast a broad net for ascertaining the presence of relevant elevated personality features by identifying individuals within one criterion of a cluster A (odd or eccentric) or cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) diagnosis. Given this project’s primary focus on identifying psychosis-related features, the psychotic-like features that characterize cluster A personality disorders were the primary traits of interest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Impairments in Schizophrenia and Psychotic Bipolar Disorder: Findings from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) Study

Hill

Reilly

Keefe

et al. 2013

AJP

330

257

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Objective Familial neuropsychological deficits are well established in schizophrenia but remain less well characterized in other psychotic disorders. This study from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium 1) compares cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with psychosis, 2) tests a continuum model of cognitive dysfunction in psychotic disorders, 3) reports familiality of cognitive impairments across psychotic disorders, and 4) evaluates cognitive impairment among nonpsychotic relatives with and without cluster A personality traits. Method Participants included probands with schizophrenia (N=293), psychotic bipolar disorder (N=227), schizoaffective disorder (manic, N=110; depressed, N=55), their first-degree relatives (N=316, N=259, N=133, and N=64, respectively), and healthy comparison subjects (N=295). All participants completed the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) neuropsychological battery. Results Cognitive impairments among psychotic probands, compared to healthy comparison subjects, were progressively greater from bipolar disorder (z=−0.77) to schizoaffective disorder (manic z=−1.08; depressed z=−1.25) to schizophrenia (z=−1.42). Profiles across subtests of the BACS were similar across disorders. Familiality of deficits was significant and comparable in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Of particular interest were similar levels of neuropsychological deficits in relatives with elevated cluster A personality traits across proband diagnoses. Nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenia probands without these personality traits exhibited significant cognitive impairments, while relatives of bipolar probands did not. Conclusions Robust cognitive deficits are present and familial in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder. Severity of cognitive impairments across psychotic disorders was consistent with a continuum model, in which more prominent affective features and less enduring psychosis were associated with less cognitive impairment. Cognitive dysfunction in first-degree relatives is more closely related to psychosis-spectrum personality disorder traits in psychotic bipolar disorder than in schizophrenia.

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“…The ramp-mask-ramp task used in the study has been described previously (Thaker et al, 1998;Sherr et al, 2002). Briefly, a foveal-petal step-ramp was presented followed by target motion in a horizontal plane, back and forth, at a constant velocity.…”

Section: Oculomotor Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we focus on data for 18.71/s trials in order to allow comparisons with the previously published report on leading saccades and smoking, which used a target speed of 161/s . In addition, a number of studies suggest that SPEM deficits are more reliably observed when higher target speeds are used (eg Abel et al, 1991;Clementz and McDowell, 1994;Clementz et al, 1995;Thaker et al, 1998)Fthis includes a report by Lencer et al (1999b) who found group differences in leading saccades only at higher target speeds (15 vs 301/s).…”

Section: Oculomotor Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nicotine on Leading Saccades during Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia

Avila

Sherr

Hong

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Several studies have shown that schizophrenic patients and their biological relatives generate a greater number of leading saccades during smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) tasks. This abnormality may reflect a failure of cortical and/or cerebellar areas to coordinate saccadic and pursuit eye movements during visual tracking. The pharmacology of this phenomenon is not known. Here, we sought to replicate and extend the findings of Olincy et al (1998), who found that nicotine transiently reduced the number of leading saccades during SPEMs. A total of 27 subjects with schizophrenia (17 males; 14 smokers), and 25 healthy comparison subjects (nine males; 14 smokers) completed an eye-tracking task after receiving a 1.0 mg nasal spray of nicotine and during drug-free conditions. Results confirm that nicotine reduces the number of leading saccadic eye movements during visual tracking in schizophrenic patients. Baseline impairments and the beneficial effects of nicotine were not restricted to patient smokers, as nonsmoker patients exhibited the greatest number of leading saccades in the no drug condition and exhibited the most pronounced improvements after nicotine administration. Improvement in patient nonsmokers was not a function of previous smoking history. No effect of nicotine was observed in control nonsmokers. In contrast to the previous study, nicotine appeared to improve performance in control smokers. Overall, the study results support a functional role of nACh receptors in improving eye-tracking performance, and are consistent with the hypothesis, articulated by several investigators, that nACh receptor system abnormalities are responsible for a number of schizophrenia-related neurophysiological deficits.

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Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements to Extraretinal Motion Signals

Cited by 90 publications

References 49 publications

Oculomotor Prediction: A Window into the Psychotic Mind

Oculomotor Prediction: A Window into the Psychotic Mind

Neuropsychological Impairments in Schizophrenia and Psychotic Bipolar Disorder: Findings from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) Study

Effects of Nicotine on Leading Saccades during Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia

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