Smooth Nanowire/Polymer Composite Transparent Electrodes

Gaynor, Whitney; Burkhard, George F.; McGehee, Michael D.; Peumans, Peter

doi:10.1002/adma.201100566

Cited by 547 publications

(476 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…One challenge for simple and effective assembly of nanowire networks is the removal of the insulating PVP surfactant coating from the NWs after deposition to ensure conductivity through wire-wire junctions. This is usually done through treatments such as thermal annealing [39][40][41][42] or mechanical pressing [39,40,43]. However, thermal annealing (often over 150 °C ) is very time consuming (from minutes to hours) and excludes the use of many heat-sensitive materials, while pressing techniques can cause damage to delicate substrates or devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another challenge in the implementation of a nanowire network is obtaining strong adhesion between the network and the substrate for stable and robust performance. To successfully improve the adhesion, substrate surface modification has been used [40,41,44], a strong conformal pressure has been applied [40,43], and in-situ polymerization [45,46] and surface encapsulation have been reported [26,27,41,42,47]. However, these processes are complex and time-consuming, in addition to the fact that they may change the properties of the substrate materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facile fabrication of stretchable Ag nanowire/polyurethane electrodes using high intensity pulsed light

et al. 2016

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Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have emerged as a promising nanomaterial for next generation stretchable electronics. However, until now, the fabrication of AgNWbased components has been hampered by complex and time-consuming steps. Here, we introduce a facile, fast, and one-step methodology for the fabrication of highly conductive and stretchable AgNW/polyurethane (PU) composite electrodes based on a high-intensity pulsed light (HIPL) technique. HIPL simultaneously improved wire-wire junction conductivity and wire-substrate adhesion at room temperature and in air within 50 μs, omitting the complex transfer-curing-implanting process. Owing to the localized deformation of PU at interfaces with AgNWs, embedding of the nanowires was rapidly carried out without substantial substrate damage. The resulting electrode retained a low sheet resistance (high electrical conductivity) of <10 Ω/sq even under 100% strain, or after 1,000 continuous stretching-relaxation cycles, with a peak strain of 60%. The fabricated electrode has found immediate application as a sensor for motion detection. Furthermore, based on our electrode, a light emitting diode (LED) driven by integrated stretchable AgNW conductors has been fabricated. In conclusion, our present fabrication approach is fast, simple, scalable, and costefficient, making it a good candidate for a future roll-to-roll process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile fabrication of stretchable Ag nanowire/polyurethane electrodes using high intensity pulsed light

et al. 2016

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Indium tin oxide (ITO) has unambiguously been the most widely used TCE material because of its optical transparency, thermal/chemical stability and device compatibility, coupled with its well-established fabrication processes. 6,7 However, the brittle nature of ITO might limit its role in future devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,[14][15][16][17][18] The key merits of metal NW TCE include its excellent and tunable figure of merit (FoM), large-scale processability and, especially, its intrinsic mechanical flexibility, [19][20][21] making this material well suited for flexible optoelectronic devices. However, the typical metal NW (Ag or Cu NW)-based TCEs also present several problematic issues, including surface roughness, weak adhesion to substrates, poor thermal/chemical stability and limited lateral conduction associated with large empty spaces between the metal NWs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid crystalline-ITO/metal nanowire mesh transparent electrodes and their application for highly flexible perovskite solar cells

Jeong

Jin

et al. 2016

NPG Asia Mater

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Here, we propose crystalline indium tin oxide/metal nanowire composite electrode (c-ITO/metal NW-GFRHybrimer) films as a robust platform for flexible optoelectronic devices. A very thin c-ITO overcoating layer was introduced to the surface-embedded metal nanowire (NW) network. The c-ITO/metal NW-GFRHybrimer films exhibited outstanding mechanical flexibility, excellent optoelectrical properties and thermal/chemical robustness. Highly flexible and efficient metal halide perovskite solar cells were fabricated on the films. The devices on the c-ITO/AgNW-and c-ITO/CuNW-GFRHybrimer films exhibited power conversion efficiency values of 14.15% and 12.95%, respectively. A synergetic combination of the thin c-ITO layer and the metal NW mesh transparent conducting electrode will be beneficial for use in flexible optoelectronic applications.

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“…Besides, the deposition of ITO top-electrodes using sputtering processes usually damages the below organic layers and leads to high leakage current as well as low lifetime of the device, which is especially unsuitable in TEOLEDs. [13][14][15] Consequently, flexible white TEOLEDs using semi-transparent cathode have a great potential to meet desires of large-area, low-cost and fine mechanical flexibility. There are only a few reports focus on the flexible white TEOLEDs, the typical reports from Ji et al 2,5 have made some efforts to use dielectric/metal/dielectric (D/M/D) multilayer as the alternative cathode to ITO, but the current efficiency was failed to achieve 10 cd/A yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance flexible top-emitting warm-white organic light-emitting devices and chromaticity shift mechanism

et al. 2014

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Flexible warm-white top-emitting organic light-emitting devices (TEOLEDs) are fabricated onto PET substrates with a simple semi-transparent cathode Sm/Ag and two-color phosphors respectively doped into a single host material TCTA. By adjusting the relative position of the orange-red EML sandwiched between the blue emitting layers, the optimized device exhibits the highest power/current efficiency of 8.07 lm/W and near 13 cd/A, with a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4105 K and a color rendering index (CRI) of 70. In addition, a moderate chromaticity variation of (-0.025, +0.008) around warm white illumination coordinates (0.45, 0.44) is obtained over a large luminance range of 1000 to 10000 cd/m2. The emission mechanism is discussed via delta-doping method and single-carrier device, which is summarized that the carrier trapping, the exciton quenching, the mobility change and the recombination zone alteration are negative to color stability while the energy transfer process and the blue/red/blue sandwiched structure are contributed to the color stability in our flexible white TEOLEDs.

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Smooth Nanowire/Polymer Composite Transparent Electrodes

Cited by 547 publications

References 42 publications

Facile fabrication of stretchable Ag nanowire/polyurethane electrodes using high intensity pulsed light

Facile fabrication of stretchable Ag nanowire/polyurethane electrodes using high intensity pulsed light

Hybrid crystalline-ITO/metal nanowire mesh transparent electrodes and their application for highly flexible perovskite solar cells

High performance flexible top-emitting warm-white organic light-emitting devices and chromaticity shift mechanism

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