Smoking‐related idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: A review

Abstract

For many years, cigarette smoking has been considered as the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. Recently, however, it has also been associated with the development of diffuse interstitial lung diseases. In the latest classification of the major idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP), the term smoking-related IIP has been introduced, including two entities, namely desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) and respiratory bronchiolitisinterstitial lung disease (RB-ILD). Other entities in which smoking has a definite or suggested role include pulmonary Langerhan's cell histiocytosis, smokingrelated interstitial fibrosis, combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms of smoking-related lung damage and on the clinical aspects of these disorders with the exception of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which will be reviewed elsewhere in this review series.

Year in review 2016: Interstitial lung disease, pulmonary vascular disease, pulmonary function, paediatric lung disease, cystic fibrosis and sleep

“…39 Cigarette smoking is implicated in the pathogenesis of some specific IIP, although the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Smoking cessation is crucial in the management of both ILA and smoking-related ILD, but the role of screening tests in smokers and the therapeutic and prognostic benefit of identifying a distinct group of smoking-related IIP remain to be evaluated.…”

“…Smoking cessation is crucial in the management of both ILA and smoking-related ILD, but the role of screening tests in smokers and the therapeutic and prognostic benefit of identifying a distinct group of smoking-related IIP remain to be evaluated. 39 Other ILD Drug-induced ILD is a complex diagnosis because of the large number of medications that can be associated with toxicity, as well as confounding factors such as infection, pulmonary oedema, radiotherapy and underlying malignancy which need to be excluded. ILD is a widely recognized complication of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy, with high associated mortality but little available data to assist risk stratification.…”

A new era in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: Epilogue to a review series

“…Margaritopoulos et al . review the newly recognized smoking‐related IIPs . It remains unclear whether identifying a distinct group of smoking‐related IIP is of prognostic or therapeutic benefit.…”

“…7 Margaritopoulos et al review the newly recognized smoking-related IIPs. 8 It remains unclear whether identifying a distinct group of smoking-related IIP is of prognostic or therapeutic benefit. However, it is now accepted that cigarette smoking is implicated in the pathogenesis of some specific IIP: namely desquamative interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis ILD, smokingrelated interstitial fibrosis and IPF.…”

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: analysis of 14 patients and literature review

“…The pathogenesis of PLCH is uncertain, previous studies found that PLCH had high incidence in smokers (1,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), particularly in young adult smokers (14), but precise epidemiological data was not available. The relative frequency in men and women is equal (8), which probably because of the increased prevalence of smoking among women in recent years (15).…”