Smoking, HIV Status, and HIV Risk Behaviors in a Respondent-Driven Sample of Injection Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland: The BeSure Study

Factors associated with unprotected sexual practice among men and women with mental illnesses in Brazil

“…Finally, while cigarette smoking was associated with unprotected sex among both genders, sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and having suffered any verbal violence were independent correlates of unprotected sex among women only, and this result was consistent with other studies 26,27,28,29,30,31 . Sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs can alter cognitive abilities and decision-making power, thus potentially leading to high risk behaviors 6 .…”

Smoking Among Pregnant Women in Outpatient Treatment for Opioid Dependence: A Qualitative Inquiry

“…Further, individuals who use other substances are disproportionately burdened by the tobacco epidemic, with smoking rates from 71% to 92%. [7][8][9] Compared to individuals who use one illicit substance, polysubstance users have higher odds of smoking (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.37-4.04).…”

“…Participants reported: (1) desire to quit smoking for themselves and their children; (2) aversion to smoking; (3) a turning point in their lives from being pregnant and entering MAT; (4) nicotine dependence; (5) smoking as a way to cope with stress; (6) coping with dual dependencies; (7) past experiences with stopping smoking due to smoking restrictions; (8) perceived lack of success with nicotine replacement therapy or other tobacco treatment medications; and (9) the need for intensive environmental support for quit attempts. These nine themes will be described in the context of the study aims (facilitators for tobacco treatment, barriers to tobacco treatment, and tailoring a tobacco treatment intervention).…”

Cigarette Smoking and Quit Attempts Among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana, Mexico

“…Previous studies have found an extremely high cigarette smoking prevalence (90% or higher) among IDUs and a positive correlation between patterns of cigarette smoking and drug use (Clarke, Stein, McGarry, & Gogineni, 2001;Epstein, Marrone, Heishman, Schmittner, & Preston, 2010;Marshall et al, 2011;Villanti, German, Sifakis, Flynn, & Holtgrave, 2012). Craving for nicotine might increase craving for drugs, particularly for cocaine (Epstein et al, 2010;Harrell, Montoya, Preston, Juliano, & Gorelick, 2011;Levine et al, 2011).…”

“…Previous studies have also found high rates of cigarette smoking quit attempts among methadone maintenance patients (Nahvi, Richter, Li, Modali, & Arnsten, 2006;Richter, Gibson, Ahluwalia, & Schmelzle, 2001). However, studies investigating cigarette smoking behavior among IDUs have primarily been conducted in urban areas of the United States (Clarke et al, 2001;Harrell, Trenz, Scherer, Pacek, & Latimer, 2012;Marshall et al, 2011;Villanti et al, 2012). Little is known about cigarette smoking patterns and attempts to quit smoking among IDUs in low-and middle-income countries.…”