Cigarette Smoking and Quit Attempts Among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana, Mexico

Shin, Sanghyuk S.; Moreno, Patricia Gonzalez; Rao, Smriti; Garfein, Richard S.; Novotny, Thomas E.; Strathdee, Steffanie A.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt099

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Studies have shown that high cigarette smoking prevalence is often found in individuals with high HIV/STI risk . In one study, individuals seemed to reduce risk by switching from injecting drugs to other substance use behaviors perceived to be less harmful, such as smoking cigarettes, marijuana, or heroin . Part of the reason for the high smoking prevalence in our sample may be explained by the inverse relationship between injection drug use and cigarette smoking among individuals with high HIV/STI risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

High Blood Pressure and Related Factors Among Individuals at High Risk for HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infections

Nam

Whittemore

Jeon

et al. 2015

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Data from a social network-based HIV/STI prevention study with a total of 330 men and women at high risk of HIV/STIs were used to examine the relationships of substance use, depressive symptoms, general health, cardiovascular disease risk factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP). Approximately 60% of the participants had prehypertension to stage 2 hypertension. In the base model, older subjects (p<.0001), men (p=.003), and with poorer self-reported health (p=.029) were significantly associated with high SBP, whereas older age (p<.001) and higher body mass index (p<.001) were significantly associated with higher DBP. After adjusting for the base model, high frequency of alcohol drinking and high frequency of binge drinking remained significant for high SBP and DBP. Our data suggest that future cardiovascular disease programs should target moderate alcohol consumption to improve blood pressure among individuals at high risk of HIV/STIs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

High Blood Pressure and Related Factors Among Individuals at High Risk for HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infections

Nam

Whittemore

Jeon

et al. 2015

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…Considering the presently recorded high prevalence of moderate and high-intensity cannabis use among PWUD living with HIV/AIDS, our research brings up an additional consideration pertaining to safer modes of cannabis consumption. While the long-term pulmonary effects of cannabis smoking are not clear, short-term effects include symptoms of chronic bronchitis (Joshi et al, 2014), and previous research among PWUD (Shin et al, 2013) and the general population (Moore et al, 2005) shows that the majority of people who use cannabis also smoke tobacco. Although our findings are largely encouraging in terms of access and response to HIV care for cannabis users, there is a continued need to investigate potential strategies and policies aimed at minimizing the short- and long-term harms associated with inhalation of the toxic components of cannabis and cigarette smoke in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-intensity cannabis use and HIV clinical outcomes among HIV-positive people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada

Lake

Kerr

Capler

et al. 2017

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background Reforms to the legal status of medical and non-medical cannabis are underway in many jurisdictions, including Canada, as are renewed efforts to scale-up HIV treatment-as-prevention (TasP) initiatives. It has been suggested that high-intensity cannabis use may be associated with sub-optimal HIV treatment outcomes. Thus, using data from a setting with a community-wide treatment-as-prevention (TasP) initiative coinciding with increasing access to medical cannabis, we sought to investigate the possible impact of high-intensity cannabis use on HIV clinical outcomes. Methods Data was derived from the ACCESS study, a prospective cohort of HIV-positive people who use illicit drugs (PWUD) in Vancouver, Canada. Cohort data was confidentially linked to comprehensive clinical profiles, including records of all antiretroviral therapy (ART) dispensations and longitudinal plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) monitoring. We used generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to estimate the longitudinal bivariable and multivariable relationships between at least daily cannabis use and two key clinical outcomes: overall engagement in ART care, and achieving a non-detectable VL among ART-exposed participants. Results Between December 2005 and June 2015, 874 HIV-positive PWUD (304 [35%] non-male) were included in this study. In total, 788 (90%) were engaged in HIV care at least once over the study period, of whom 670 (85%) achieved non-detectable VL at least once. In multivariable analyses, ≥ daily cannabis use did not predict lower odds of ART care (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–1.36) or VL non-detectability among ART-exposed (AOR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.75–1.21). Conclusion Our results showed no statistically significant impact of daily cannabis use on the likelihood of ART care or VL non-detectability among ART-exposed HIV-positive PWUD. These findings are reassuring in light of the impending legalization of cannabis in Canada and ongoing efforts to expand TasP initiatives.

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“…Approximately 12 million people worldwide inject drugs [1]. Among people who inject drugs, tobacco smoking is one of the most commonly used substances with prevalence estimates ranging from 84% [2] to 90% [3]. Despite this, people who inject drugs consistently report high levels of interest in quitting smoking [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Smoking Cessation Care into a Medically Supervised Injecting Facility Using an Organizational Change Intervention: A Qualitative Study of Staff and Client Views

Skelton

Tzelepis

Shakeshaft

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: Clients accessing supervised injecting facilities (SIFs) smoke at high rates. An SIF piloted an organizational change intervention to integrate smoking cessation care as routine treatment. This study aims to explore staff acceptability, perceived facilitators, and perceived barriers to implementing six core components of an organizational change intervention to integrate smoking cessation care in an SIF. Staff and client views on the acceptability, facilitators, and barriers to the provision of smoking cessation care were also examined. Methods: This paper presents findings from the qualitative component conducted post-intervention implementation. Face-to-face semi-structured staff interviews (n = 14) and two client focus groups (n = 5 and n = 4) were conducted between September and October 2016. Recruitment continued until data saturation was reached. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesise and combine respondent views and identify key themes. Results: Staff viewed the organizational change intervention as acceptable. Commitment from leadership, a designated champion, access to resources, and the congruence between the change and the facility’s ethos were important facilitators of organizational change. Less engaged staff was the sole barrier to the intervention. Smoking cessation care was deemed suitable. Key facilitators of smoking cessation care included: Written protocols, ongoing training, and visually engaging information. Key barriers of smoking cessation care included: Lack of access to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) outside of business hours, practical limitations of the database, and concerns about sustainability of NRT. Conclusion: This study develops our understanding of factors influencing the implementation of an organisational change intervention to promote sustainable provision of smoking cessation care in the SIF setting.

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Cigarette Smoking and Quit Attempts Among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana, Mexico

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

High Blood Pressure and Related Factors Among Individuals at High Risk for HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infections

High Blood Pressure and Related Factors Among Individuals at High Risk for HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infections

High-intensity cannabis use and HIV clinical outcomes among HIV-positive people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada

Integrating Smoking Cessation Care into a Medically Supervised Injecting Facility Using an Organizational Change Intervention: A Qualitative Study of Staff and Client Views

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