Smoking habits and the risk of type 2 diabetes: A case-control study

Radzevičienė, Lina; Ostrauskas, Rytas

doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2008.11.001

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This difference seemed attributable to the different BMI-adjusted education–DM associations found in LICs versus MICs as well. Different from LICs, higher education level has been associated with decreased odds of DM among Mauritian Indians23 and people in Lithuania 24. Even accounting for BMI, such negative education–DM association was found in studies done in Brazil25 and China 26.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Global educational disparities in the associations between body mass index and diabetes mellitus in 49 low-income and middle-income countries

Wang

Stronks

Arah³

2014

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundDespite the well-established link between body mass index (BMI) and diabetes mellitus (DM), it remains unclear whether this association is more pronounced at certain levels of education. This study assessed the modifying effect of educational attainment on the associations between BMI and DM—as well as the joint associations of BMI and education with DM—in low-income countries (LICs) and middle-income countries (MICs).MethodsThe authors used cross-sectional data from 160 381 participants among 49 LICs and MICs in the World Health Survey. Overweight and obesity levels were defined using WHO's classification. Educational attainment was classified in four categories: ‘no formal education’, ‘some/completed primary school’, ‘secondary/high school completed’ and ‘college and beyond’. We used random-intercept multilevel logistic regressions to investigate the modifying influence of educational attainment on the associations of different BMI levels—as well as their joint associations—with DM.ResultsWe found positive associations between excessive BMI and DM at each education level in both LICs and MICs. We found that the joint associations of BMI and education with DM were larger than the product of their separate single associations among females in LICs. With joint increases in BMI and education, males and females in LICs had similar increased odds of DM, but males had higher such odds than females in MICs.ConclusionsBMI and education are associated with the DM, but the associations seem to differ in complex ways between LICs and MICs and by gender.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Global educational disparities in the associations between body mass index and diabetes mellitus in 49 low-income and middle-income countries

Wang

Stronks

Arah³

2014

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…In 2006, the age-adjusted prevalence of smoking was 36.9% among people who had a smoking-related chronic disease and 19.3% among those who had other chronic diseases or had no chronic disease (3,4). Smoking is an independent and modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (5), heart disease (6), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (7). An estimated 90% of deaths from COPD are directly attributable to smoking; quitting is the only proven way to stop progression of the disease (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State Quitlines and Cessation Patterns Among Adults With Selected Chronic Diseases in 15 States, 2005–2008

Bush¹,

Zbikowski²,

Mahoney³

et al. 2012

Prev. Chronic Dis.

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IntroductionThe death rate of people who have a chronic disease is lower among former smokers than current smokers. State tobacco cessation quitlines are available for free in every state. The objective of our study was to compare demographic characteristics, use of quitline services, and quit rates among a sample of quitline callers.MethodsWe used data from 15 states on tobacco users aged 18 or older who enrolled with a quitline between October 1, 2005, and May 31, 2008; 9 states also provided data from 7-month follow-up surveys. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to compare callers by disease status.ResultsAmong 195,057 callers, 32.3% reported having 1 or more of the following chronic diseases: 17.7%, asthma; 5.9%, coronary artery disease; 11.1%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and 9.3%, diabetes; 9.0% had 2 or more chronic diseases. Callers who had a chronic disease were older and better educated; more likely to be female, have Medicaid or other health insurance, and have used tobacco for 20 years or more; and less likely to quit smoking (22.3%) at 7 months than callers who had none of these chronic diseases (29.7%).ConclusionAbout one-third of tobacco users who call state quitlines have a chronic disease, and those who have a chronic disease are less likely to quit using tobacco. Continued efforts are needed to ensure cessation treatments are reaching tobacco users who have a chronic disease and to develop and test ways to increase quit rates among them.

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“…When TG levels in peripheral blood and skeletal muscle were signi cantly increased, glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle would be impaired [46]. Therefore, to a certain extent, the TyG index re ects muscle IR [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Risk of Incident Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis Based on A Chinese Cohort Study

Tien

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Recent studies have suggested the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) may serve as a suitable substitute for insulin resistance. However, evidence for the relationship between TyG index and risk of diabetes remains limited. This study sought to explore the association of baseline TyG index with risk of developing diabetes in Chinese adults.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the health screening program in China. A total of 201,298 non-diabetic individuals were included. TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) × fasting triglyceride level (mg/dl)/2]. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or self-reported diabetes. Cox proportion-hazard model was employed to evaluate the independent impact of baseline TyG index on future diabetes risk. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were implemented to verify the reliability of results. Notably, data were downloaded from the DATADRYAD website, and used only for secondary analyses.Results: During an average follow-up of 3.12 years, among 201,298 individuals aged ≥20 years, 3,389 subjects developed diabetes. After adjusting for potential confounders, elevated TyG index were independently correlated with greater risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio (HR), 3.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.11–3.60). Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1), increasing TyG index (Q2, Q3, and Q4) was related to increased HR estimates of incident diabetes [HR (95% CI), 1.83 (1.49–2.26); 3.29 ( 2.70–4.01), and 6.26 (5.15–7.6), respectively]. Moreover, a nonlinear relationship was observed between TyG index and risk of diabetes and the slope of the curve increased accompanying the rise of TyG index. Subgroup analysis revealed the positive association was stronger among subjects with age< 40 years, body mass index ≥18.5 kg/m2 and < 24 kg/m2, or systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg, or in females.Conclusions: Elevated TyG index is independently correlated with increased risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults, indicating it may represent a reliable predictor of diabetes in high-risk populations.

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Smoking habits and the risk of type 2 diabetes: A case-control study

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Global educational disparities in the associations between body mass index and diabetes mellitus in 49 low-income and middle-income countries

Global educational disparities in the associations between body mass index and diabetes mellitus in 49 low-income and middle-income countries

State Quitlines and Cessation Patterns Among Adults With Selected Chronic Diseases in 15 States, 2005–2008

Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Risk of Incident Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis Based on A Chinese Cohort Study

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