Aims/hypothesis. This prospective study examined the epidemiology of Type 1 diabetes in young adults in Europe. Methods. We ascertained incident cases of Type 1 diabetes in the 15 to 29 years (both inclusive) age group throughout Europe over a period of 2 years. Diabetes registries in nine countries, in which incidence rates for Type 1 diabetes in the 0 to 14 age group were available, took part. Incidence rates were estimated per 100000 person years and standardised for sex and age. Cumulative incidences per 1000 from birth to age 30 were estimated. Heterogeneity between centres was tested with a Poisson regression model. Results. A total of 2112 diabetes cases were ascertained in 1996 and 1997, of which 61.4% were considered to be Type 1 diabetes. Completeness of ascertainment varied from 70 to 90%. Standardised incidence varied from 4.8 per 100000 person years to 13.4 per 100000 person years. The male-female ratio was estimated to be one or more, and in the 25 to 29 age group 1.5 or more in all countries. Cumulative incidences for males and females indicate that the former exceeds the latter from age 24. In the two centres with highest childhood incidence, this applied already from 14 years of age. Conclusions/interpretation. The incidence of Type 1 diabetes in adults is lower than in children and the range of incidence is also reduced, with a less than threefold variation in adults, against an eightfold variation in children. There is a male excess in incidence, especially in the age group 25 to 29 years.
Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus appears to involve an interaction between susceptible genetic backgrounds and environmental factors including highly calorific diets. As it is important to identify modifiable risk factors that may help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the aim of the present study was to determine the association between egg consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: A specifically designed questionnaire was used to collect information on possible risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for type 2 diabetes mellitus were calculated by conditional logistic regression. Setting: A case-control study in a Lithuanian out-patient clinic was performed in 2001. Subjects: A total of 234 cases with a newly confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 468 controls free of the disease. Results: Variables such as BMI, family history of diabetes, cigarette smoking, education, morning exercise and plasma TAG level were retained in multivariate logistic regression models as confounders because their inclusion changed the value of the odds ratio by more than 10 % in any exposure category. After adjustment for possible confounders more than twofold increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus was determined for individuals consuming 3-4?9 eggs/week (OR 5 2?60; 95 % CI 1?34, 5?08) and threefold increased risk of the disease was determined for individuals consuming $5 eggs/week (OR 5 3?02; 95 % CI 1?14, 7?98) compared with those eating ,1 egg/week. Conclusions: Our data support a possible relationship of egg consumption and increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE -Type 1 diabetes has been associated with factors related to welfare and social class. During the past decade, Lithuania has experienced a transition period, leading to dramatic changes in the socioeconomic structure of the society.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Incidence in the group aged 0 -39 years by urban-rural setting (cities Ͼ100,000 inhabitants, towns, and rural areas), period (1991-1995 and 1996 -2000), age, and sex were studied using Poisson regression.RESULTS -The age-and sex-standardized incidence per 100,000 inhabitants per year was higher in men aged 0 -39 years than in women (9.5 and 6.9, respectively, incidence rate ratio [IRR] ϭ 1.39, P Ͻ 0.001). Incidence was lower in rural areas than in towns and cities (7.1, 9.0, and 8.8, respectively, P Ͻ 0.001). The urban-rural differences in incidence were most marked among children aged 0 -9 years. From 1991From -1995From to 1996From -2000, the overall incidence increased from 8.7 to 10.5 (IRR ϭ 1.22, P ϭ 0.001) in men and from 6.2 to 7.8 (IRR ϭ 1.25, P ϭ 0.002) in women. For men, the increase over time occurred predominantly in the cities, from 8.4 to 11.8 (IRR ϭ 1.40, P Ͻ 0.001), and in the older age-groups. In contrast, for women, the incidence increased more in small towns and rural areas, from 5.8 to 7.7 (IRR ϭ 1.33, P ϭ 0.003), and in the younger age-groups.CONCLUSIONS -The incidence of type 1 diabetes in Lithuania differs depending on the urban-rural setting, and the pattern of change over time differs between the sexes, both by urban-rural setting and age-group. The findings support the theory that lifestyle-related factors connected to socioeconomic status are important for the occurrence of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 26:671-676, 2003T he incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes varies greatly for different countries throughout the world (1) and in Europe (2), probably depending on different distribution of both genetic and environmental determinants across the populations. Significant variation of incidence exists also within the countries depending on the urban-rural setting, often expressed as population density, but the association is not consistent between the countries. In some countries, incidence is higher in more densely populated urban areas (3-5), while in others, it is higher in more sparsely populated rural areas (6 -8). These contradictory results for the effect of the population density point to other sociodemographic and environmental factors that may vary between urban and rural areas in different countries. Indeed, the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes is lower in areas where a larger proportion of the population is socioeconomically deprived (7,9); in Scotland, the incidence rates are particularly low in children living in deprived urban sectors (6). In Sweden, the incidence of childhood diabetes increased over time in parallel with per capita gross domestic product (10). An association between childhood diabetes incidence and indicators of national prosperity was also reported across European countries (11...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.