Smoking expectancies for flavored and non-flavored cigarettes among college students

Ashare, Rebecca L.; Hawk, Larry W.; Cummings, K. Michael; O’Connor, Richard J.; Fix, Brian V.; Schmidt, William C.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.08.011

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Research has repeatedly shown that although many smokers are not able to recall the specific tar level of their brand, a substantial proportion nevertheless equate lower numbers with a reduction in exposure and risk, and many use these numbers to guide their choice of brands (O'Connor et al 2006b). These findings are consistent with the ways in which smokers have been shown to perceive emission numbers when conveyed through advertising (Borland et al 2004(Borland et al , 2008Cummings et al 2004Cummings et al , 2006aHammond 2008a,b;King & Borland 2005;O'Connor et al 2006bO'Connor et al , 2007Shiffman et al 2001). Given the current scientific consensus that emissions data do not accurately reflect meaningful differences in risk between conventional cigarette brands, the World Health Organization (WHO) has called for the removal of emission numbers from packages (Hammond 2008a,b;World Health Org.…”

Section: Product Controls Product Controls Includesupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In 2006, a U.S. Federal District Court ruled that the terms "low tar," "light," "ultra light," and "mild" are deceptive, and a court order prohibited their use (Cummings & O'Connor 2007, Kessler 2006. These terms have already been removed in a number of jurisdictions, including Brazil, the EU member countries (i.e., United Kingdom, France, Germany, etc.…”

Section: Product Controls Product Controls Includementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another critical component of the environment that can influence tobacco use behaviors is how tobacco products are manufactured and marketed (Ashare et al 2007;Carpenter et al 2005;Cummings et al 2002Cummings et al , 2006aHurt & Robertson 1998;Kreslake et al 2008;Leavell 1999;Megerdichian et al 2007;O'Connor et al 2007a;Stevenson & Proctor 2008;Wayne & Connolly 2002;Wayne et al 2006). Evidence from previously secret internal tobacco industry research makes it clear that that the modern cigarette has been engineered to promote and sustain addiction , Hurt & Robertson 1998, King & Borland 2005, Kreslake et al 2008, Megerdichian et al 2007, Stevenson & Proctor 2008, Wayne & Connolly 2002, Wayne et al 2006.…”

Section: Determinants Of Tobacco Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Influences on Tobacco Use: Evidence from Societal and Community Influences on Tobacco Use and Dependence

Cummings

Fong

Borland

2009

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

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There is little doubt that nicotine addiction sustains tobacco use in most people and that individual variation in response to tobacco has a strong biological basis. However, the great diversity in tobacco use behaviors observed between countries and within countries over time suggests that biology alone cannot fully explain these variations. This review examines the role of the social environment in understanding tobacco use behaviors and efforts to curb tobacco use at the population level. We conclude that the social environment plays a critical role in determining how innate biological factors involved in nicotine dependency actually get expressed at the population level. Tobacco use as reflected in population trends is seen as the product of the interaction of agent, host, and environmental factors. Government policies are seen as an important modifiable environmental influence that can alter how tobacco products are designed and marketed (agent factors) and how consumers perceive the risks and benefits of smoking (host factors). Evidence suggests that synergy is gained when tobacco control interventions directed at agent, host, and environmental factors are implemented together.

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Section: Product Controls Product Controls Includesupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Product Controls Product Controls Includementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determinants Of Tobacco Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Influences on Tobacco Use: Evidence from Societal and Community Influences on Tobacco Use and Dependence

Cummings

Fong

Borland

2009

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

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“…The creative packaging and enticing imagery of these flavored cigarette brands may make flavored products appealing to younger persons, many of whom are just learning how to smoke (Carpenter et al, 2005;Cummings et al, 2002;Lewis & Wackowski, 2006;Wayne & Connolly, 2002). Recent research speaks to the attractiveness of flavored products among this age group: in a study of college students, higher positive smoking expectancies were reported for flavored cigarette brands compared with non-flavored brands, with evidence that flavored products may be especially appealing among young adults susceptible to initiation or smoking escalation (Ashare et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Use of flavored cigarettes among older adolescent and adult smokers: United States, 2004-2005

Klein

Giovino

Barker³

et al. 2008

CNTR

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Cigarettes with candy, fruit and alcohol flavors have been introduced in recent years as extensions to popular cigarette brands, raising concerns in the public health community that the enticing names, creative packaging, and intense flavorings of these products may be especially appealing to youth. This study used two national surveys to examine the prevalence of use of Camel Exotic Blends, Kool Smooth Fusion, and Salem Silver Label brands during 2004--2005 among older adolescents and young adult smokers aged 17-26 years and adult smokers aged > or =25 years. Overall use of any of these flavored brands in the past 30 days was 11.9% among smokers aged 17-26 years and 6.7% among smokers aged > or =25 years. A significant gradient in use was seen across age, with the highest rates of utilization among 17-year-old (22.8%) and 18-19-year-old smokers (21.7%) (p<.001). Uniquely flavored cigarette brands seem to be most attractive to the youngest smokers and should be prohibited.

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“…Previous research shows that the first experience with a tobacco product portends future use and nicotine dependence (17). The social context of hookah tobacco use and the pleasurable sensory experience increases the likelihood of habitual hookah tobacco use and nicotine dependence (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of hookah tobacco smoking among college students: policy implications and research recommendations

Gathuru¹,

Tarter²,

Klein‐Fedyshin

2015

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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Background: About 30% of college students have smoked hookah tobacco. Although most students perceive this product to be innocuous and non-addictive, hookah tobacco increases the risk for disease and nicotine dependence. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate the manufacture, distribution, or sale of hookah tobacco. Objective: Empirical literature pertaining to hookah tobacco smoking is reviewed with a focus on the implications for regulatory policy. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched to locate articles published in English. The literature search combined

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Smoking expectancies for flavored and non-flavored cigarettes among college students

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Environmental Influences on Tobacco Use: Evidence from Societal and Community Influences on Tobacco Use and Dependence

Environmental Influences on Tobacco Use: Evidence from Societal and Community Influences on Tobacco Use and Dependence

Use of flavored cigarettes among older adolescent and adult smokers: United States, 2004-2005

Review of hookah tobacco smoking among college students: policy implications and research recommendations

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