Overall, the pattern of findings suggests that the large, persistent nasopharyngeal and other PC excesses observed among the Wallingford workforce are not associated with formaldehyde exposure, and may reflect the influence of nonoccupational risk factors or occupational risk factors associated with employment outside the Wallingford plant.

Background: About 30% of college students have smoked hookah tobacco. Although most students perceive this product to be innocuous and non-addictive, hookah tobacco increases the risk for disease and nicotine dependence. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate the manufacture, distribution, or sale of hookah tobacco. Objective: Empirical literature pertaining to hookah tobacco smoking is reviewed with a focus on the implications for regulatory policy. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched to locate articles published in English. The literature search combined

Objective This longitudinal investigation examined the hypothesis that subjective experience during consumption of preferred drugs mediates the association of transmissible risk for substance use disorder (SUD) measured in childhood and adolescence and SUD diagnosis in adulthood. Transmissible risk denotes the psychological characteristics having intergenerational continuity between parents and their biological children. Methods The transmissible liability index (TLI) was administered to 483 10–12 year old boys (baseline). Follow-up evaluations were conducted when the boys attained 12–14, 16, 19 and 22 years of age using age-specific versions of the TLI. Frequency of consumption of the participant’s three most preferred drugs, affect on an ordinary day, affect while under influence of the preferred substances and presence/absence of current SUD were assessed at 22 years of age. Results Consumption frequency of preferred drugs among boys mediates the association of transmissible risk during childhood and adolescence and SUD diagnosis in adulthood. Severity of negative affect on a drug-free day predicts frequency of consumption of preferred drugs which, in turn, predicts severity of negative affect during the drug use event. Neither affect on a drug-free day nor affect during the drug use event mediates the association of transmissible risk and SUD. Conclusions Affect on drug-free days, and while under influence of preferred substances covary with consumption frequency; however, affect is not related to transmissible SUD risk or SUD outcome.