Smoking, Drinking & Drug use Among Young People in England in 2002

Young People's Leisure and Risk-Taking Behaviours: Changes in Gender Patterning in the West of Scotland during the 1990s

“…Second, and contrasting with Willis' (1990) observation that drinking among young women 'is not social, nor competitive, nor encouraged by the group' (p102), significant gender differences among Scottish teenagers in respect of frequent drinking and drunkenness disappeared during the 1990s (Boreham & Shaw, 2001;Todd, Currie & Smith, 1999). Finally, in respect of drug use, and again in contrast with the existence of a male:female ratio of around 2:1 which was widely reported in the early 1990s (Barnard and McKeganey, 1994), by 2000 any drug use was higher for female than male 16-19 year olds, while there was almost no gender difference among 20-24 year olds (ISD Scotland, 2002).…”

“…Focusing on Scottish studies as most relevant to the context of our own analysis, first, in respect of smoking there seems general agreement on an increasing female excess over the course of the 1990s accompanied by suggestions of a downturn in male rates (Todd, Currie & Smith, 1999;Boreham & Shaw, 2001). Second, and contrasting with Willis' (1990) observation that drinking among young women 'is not social, nor competitive, nor encouraged by the group' (p102), significant gender differences among Scottish teenagers in respect of frequent drinking and drunkenness disappeared during the 1990s (Boreham & Shaw, 2001;Todd, Currie & Smith, 1999).…”

Recreational Drug Use: A Major Risk Factor for Gastroschisis?

“…Combined together these national data suggest that the prevalence of the use of recreational drugs increases steadily from age 11, peaks at 20 to 24 years of age and then declines fairly rapidly thereafter (Ramsay et al 2001), (Aust et al 2002), (Condon and Smith, 2003), (Boreham and McManus, 2002). Males are more likely to participate in recreational drug use at all ages, but more so after the 20 to 24…”

“…In recent years the Office for National Statistics has carried out an annual survey, in English schools, estimating the prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption or recreational drug use in 11 to 15 year olds (Boreham and McManus, 2002). In 2002 the proportion of these young people reporting the use of recreational drugs in the past month was 11% and 18% in the last year.…”

Understanding Football as a Vehicle for Enhancing Social Inclusion: Using an Intervention Mapping Framework

“…Within the UK context there has been increasing concern over the levels of criminal and ASB committed by young people (Boreham & McManus, 2003;Condon & Smith, 2003). ASB is an often-difficult term to define, in that it encompasses what can be highly stigmatised activity such as young people being in large groups, making noise and behaving in a manner not accepted by some people.…”