Smoking cessation: Progress, priorities, and prospectus.

Abstract

The authors review developments in understanding smoking cessation interventions over the past decade. Noteworthy is the unprecedented growth of research and knowledge that has left a deeper understanding of how best to use new and existing behavioral and pharmacologic tools and strategies to help smokers quit. The status of public-health-level interventions is evaluated, questions are raised concerning their efficacy, and suggestions are offered for further refinement of these intervention strategies. Development of cessation guidelines is reviewed, and the state of knowledge concerning behavioral and pharmacologic interventions is summarized. The authors also present agendas for behavioral and pharmacologic research related to smoking cessation and discuss individual difference factors among smokers that may prove to be important in designing new and refining existing treatments.

Outcome from a Community-based Smoking Cessation Program for Persons with Serious Mental Illness

“…Even fewer studies report cessation outcomes past 6 months. Quitting success at 12 months is considered the benchmark indicator for smoking cessation treatment (Niaura and Abrams 2002). The 3-and 6-month quit rates among mentally ill individuals receiving SC assistance range from 12% to 23% (Addington et al 1998;Evins et al 2001;Evins et al 2004;George et al 2002;Williams and Hughes 2003), which are comparable to published quit rates for mentally healthy smokers receiving SC (Abrams et al 2003).…”

“…The prevalence of smoking among individuals with a mental illness is twice the rate as the general North American population (Lasser et al 2000;de Leon and Diaz 2005;Mackay 2004;Niaura and Abrams 2002;Ziedonis et al 1994). The highest rates of smoking are found in persons with schizophrenia and substance-use disorders, amounting to a three to fourfold increase in prevalence compared to non-ill controls (el-Guebaly and Hodgins 1992; Ziedonis et al 1994).…”

De-marketing Tobacco Through Price Changes and Consumer Attempts Quit Smoking

“…Despite the fact that tobacco is addictive, research on the effects of the price of tobacco products on population rates of smoking has repeatedly suggested that there is an inverse relationship between the price and consumption of cigarettes (Frieden et al, 2005;Levy et al, 2005aLevy et al, , b, 2006Niaura and Abrams, 2002). Further of all de-marketing strategies including anti-smoking advertising and legal restrictions on smoking, price increases on cigarettes have been found to bear the strongest relationship to population rates of smoking (Levy et al, 2005b).…”

Olanzapine attenuates cue-elicited craving for tobacco

“…buproprion) as well as the refinement of existing behavioral and pharmacological interventions (e.g. nicotine replacement; see Niaura and Abrams 2002). Despite these new developments, the overall cessation success rate remains stagnant, suggesting that available treatments are only modestly effective for today's smokers.…”