Smoking cessation and weight gain

Filozof, Claudia; Pinilla, Montserrat; Fernández-Cruz, A

doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2004.00131.x

Cited by 450 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Both men and women who reported current smoking had lower BMI compared to non-smokers. This association was reported before [31]. One plausible biological explanation advanced is that nicotine in tobacco increases metabolic activity by increasing adrenaline and other metabolic hormones [32], thus leading to weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with body mass index among men and women in Nairobi slums: AWI-Gen Project

Asiki

Mohamed

Wambui

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: Body mass index (BMI) is rising globally with a faster increase in urban areas in low- and middle-income countries. It is critical to identify modifiable risk factors for BMI to prevent the occurrence of associated health consequences. Objective: To investigate socio-demographic, behavioural and biological factors associated with BMI in Nairobi slums. Methods: In 2014-2015, a cross sectional study of men and women aged 40–60 years in Nairobi slums (Korogocho and Viwandani) was conducted. Data were collected on socio-demographic, behavioural and biological characteristics. Mean BMI, overweight and obesity were computed. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was conducted separately for men and women to explore factors associated with BMI. Results: In total, 1942 study participants (54.4%, women) with a mean age (SD) of 48.3 (5.3) years and 48.8(5.6) years for women and men respectively were recruited. Mean BMI was higher among women than men (27.6 versus 22.8; p < 0.001). More women were overweight (30.9% versus 19.6%; p < 0.001) and obese (32.1% versus 5.1%; p < 0.001) than men. Among men, BMI was independently associated with wealth index, bread consumption and self-reported diabetes and was negatively associated with current tobacco smoking, HIV and TB infections. Among women, BMI was independently associated with wealth, current non-problematic drinking, and sedentary time, but was lower among other ethnicities compared to Kikuyu, among current smokers, women with longer sleep, and those with HIV infection and tuberculosis. Wealth index contributed the most variance in BMI among women and men (10.4%, 7.5%, respectively), but behavioural factors (7.4%) among men and biological factors (6.5%) among women accounted for most of the additional BMI variance. Conclusions: Adults aged 40–60 years in the urban slums of Nairobi have a high BMI associated with wealth. Bread consumption by men and sedentary life among women are the main risky behaviours that need urgent targeted interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with body mass index among men and women in Nairobi slums: AWI-Gen Project

Asiki

Mohamed

Wambui

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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“…The reason for this sex difference is unclear. It is well known that quitting smoking is related to a moderate weight gain [20] and fear of increasing weight has been presented as an important obstacle for quitting [28]. The current results indicate that this obstacle may be present in females more than in males, since overweight females were significantly less likely to have quit smoking than females with a normal weight, whereas no such association was found in males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 27%

Changes in active and passive smoking in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey

Janson¹

2006

European Respiratory Journal

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The aim of the present investigation was to study changes and determinants for changes in active and passive smoking.The present study included 9,053 adults from 14 countries that participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. The mean follow-up period was 8.8 yrs. Change in the prevalence of active and passive smoking was expressed as absolute net change (95% confidence interval) standardised to a 10-yr period. Determinants of change were analysed and the results expressed as adjusted hazard risk ratio (HRR) or odds ratio (OR).The prevalence of active smoking declined by 5.9% (5.1-6.8) and exposure to passive smoking in nonsmokers declined by 18.4% (16.8-20.0). Subjects with a lower educational level (HRR: 0.73 (0.54-0.98) and subjects living with a smoker (HRR: 0.45 (0.34-0.59)) or with workplace smoking (HRR: 0.69 (0.50-0.95)) were less likely to quit. Low socio-economic groups were more likely to become exposed (OR: 2.21 (1.61-3.03)) and less likely to cease being exposed to passive smoking (OR: 0.48 (0.37-0.61)).In conclusion, the quitting rate was lower and the risk of exposure to passive smoking higher among subjects with lower socio-economic status. Exposure to other peoples smoking decreased quitting rates and increased the risk of starting to smoke.

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“…The unfavourable effect of smoking cessation on body weight is well known and is probably caused by a combination of increased energy intake, decreased resting metabolic rate, decreased physical activity and increased lipoprotein lipase activity. 29 However, although the risk of gaining weight is of concern for people who want to stop smoking, an increase in body weight due to smoking cessation is of minor concern compared with the hazard of continuing smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight gain over 5 years in 21 966 meat-eating, fish-eating, vegetarian, and vegan men and women in EPIC-Oxford

et al. 2006

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Background: Cross-sectional studies have shown that vegetarians and vegans are leaner than omnivores. Longitudinal data on weight gain in these groups are sparse. Objective: We investigated changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) over a 5-year period in meat-eating, fish-eating, vegetarian, and vegan men and women in the UK. Design: Self-reported anthropometric, dietary and lifestyle data were collected at baseline in 1994-1999 and at follow-up in 2000-2003; the median duration of follow-up was 5.3 years. Subjects: A total of 21 966 men and women participating in Oxford arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition aged 20-69 years at baseline. Results: The mean annual weight gain was 389 (SD 884) g in men and 398 (SD 892) g in women. The differences between meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans in age-adjusted mean BMI at follow-up were similar to those seen at baseline. Multivariable-adjusted mean weight gain was somewhat smaller in vegans (284 g in men and 303 g in women, Po0.05 for both sexes) and fish-eaters (338 g, women only, Po0.001) compared with meat-eaters. Men and women who changed their diet in one or several steps in the direction meat-eater-fish-eater-vegetarian-vegan showed the smallest mean annual weight gain of 242 (95% CI 133-351) and 301 (95% CI 238-365) g, respectively. Conclusion: During 5 years follow-up, the mean annual weight gain in a health-conscious cohort in the UK was approximately 400 g. Small differences in weight gain were observed between meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans. Lowest weight gain was seen among those who, during follow-up, had changed to a diet containing fewer animal food.

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Smoking cessation and weight gain

Cited by 450 publications

References 83 publications

Sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with body mass index among men and women in Nairobi slums: AWI-Gen Project

Sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with body mass index among men and women in Nairobi slums: AWI-Gen Project

Changes in active and passive smoking in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey

Weight gain over 5 years in 21 966 meat-eating, fish-eating, vegetarian, and vegan men and women in EPIC-Oxford

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