Weight gain over 5 years in 21 966 meat-eating, fish-eating, vegetarian, and vegan men and women in EPIC-Oxford

Rosell, Magdalena; Appleby, Paul N.; Spencer, Elizabeth A.; Key, TJ

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803305

Cited by 201 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The average annual weight gain in this study was markedly higher for younger men compared with older men (0.59 vs 0.24 kg) and for younger women compared to older women (0.61 vs 0.18 kg). These age-related annual increases in weight are strikingly similar to those reported for subjects in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Oxford study (Rosell et al, 2006). While the rate of weight gain was fairly constant throughout the 9 years in the younger cohort, it appeared to slow down in both men and women in the second half of the 9-year period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Changes in weight and waist circumference over 9 years in a Scottish population

et al. 2007

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Objective: To document patterns of measured weight and waist circumference (WC) change and the increase in overweight and obesity over a 9-year period. Subjects/Methods: A total of 1044 subjects from two age-defined cohorts aged 39 and 59 in 1991. Height, weight and WC were measured in 1991, 1995 and 2000 and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Pattern of weight and WC change was studied over approximately 9 years. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased markedly and the younger cohort showed greater increases in weight and WC than the older cohort. There was no significant difference in mean BMI and/or mean 9-year weight change between men and women in either age cohort, and mean weight gain was similar for all occupational groups. Only 20% of subjects maintained a stable weight (72 kg), while 42.2 and 17.6% gained greater than 5 and 10 kg over the 9-year period, respectively. The rate of weight gain appeared to be relatively steady over the 9 years among younger subjects but declined in the older subjects in the second half of the observation period. Conclusions: Health promotion strategies to prevent weight gain need to be population-based, targeting all social and age groups, but particularly those in their early middle-age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Changes in weight and waist circumference over 9 years in a Scottish population

et al. 2007

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“…This was a retrospective study designed to answer the following questions: (i) Is the weight gain of the thyroidectomized patients significantly different from the weight gain of the hypothyroid patients? (ii) Is the weight gain of either group significantly different from the annual weight gain of developed populations of the same age of about 0.5 kg/year (1)(2)(3)(4)11,19), or different from the weight gain of the two additional study comparison groups (euthyroid subjects and patients with thyroid cancer)? (iii) Is the weight gain significantly different for the premenopausal women, menopausal women, or men in either the thyroidectomy or hypothyroid group?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yearly weight gains of 0.35-0.83 kg have been reported in various female populations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Yearly weight gains in men are *0.29-0.4 kg (1,2,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight Changes in Euthyroid Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy

Jonklaas

Nsouli-Maktabi

2011

Thyroid

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Background: Thyroidectomized patients frequently report weight gain resistant to weight loss efforts, identifying their thyroidectomy as the event precipitating subsequent weight gain. We wished to determine whether recently thyroidectomized euthyroid patients gained more weight over 1 year than matched euthyroid patients with preexisting hypothyroidism. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of subjects receiving medical care at an academic medical center. One hundred twenty patients had their weight and thyroid status documented after thyroidectomy and achievement of euthyroidism on thyroid hormone replacement, and one year later. Three additional groups of 120 patients with preexisting hypothyroidism, no thyroid disease, and thyroid cancer were matched for age, gender, menopausal status, height, and weight. Anthropometric data were documented at two time points 1 year apart. We compared the weight changes and body mass index changes occurring over a 1-year period in the four groups. Results: Patients with recent postsurgical hypothyroidism gained 3.1 kg during the year, whereas matched patients with preexisting hypothyroidism gained 2.2 kg. The patients without thyroid disease and those with iatrogenic hyperthyroidism gained 1.3 and 1.2 kg, respectively. The weight gain in the thyroidectomized group was significantly greater than that in the matched hypothyroid group ( p-value 0.004), the group without thyroid disease ( p-value 0.001), and the patients with iatrogenic hyperthyroidism ( p-value 0.001). Within the thyroidectomized group, the weight gain in menopausal women was greater than in either premenopausal women (4.4 vs. 2.3 kg, p-value 0.007) or men (4.4 vs. 2.5 kg, p-value 0.013). Conclusion: Patients who had undergone thyroidectomy in the previous year did, in fact, gain more weight than their matched counterparts with preexisting hypothyroidism. In addition, all patients with hypothyroidism, even though treated to achieve euthyroidism, experienced more weight gain than both subjects without hypothyroidism and subjects with iatrogenic hyperthyroidism. The greatest weight gain in the thyroidectomized group was in menopausal women. These data raise the question of an unidentified factor related to taking thyroid hormone replacement that is associated with weight gain, with an additional intriguing effect of thyroidectomy itself. Menopausal status confers additional risk. These groups should be targeted for diligent weight loss efforts.

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“…11 Literature suggests that changing from a diet containing meat and fish to a vegetarian diet may result in reduced calorie and saturated-fat intake, an increase in energy from carbohydrates, resulting in a leaner body mass 12 and less weight regain. 13 While these findings are promising, they may have been partially attributable to a self-selection effect among those who adhered to the diet. Moreover, to our knowledge, only one study of vegetarian diets has targeted weight loss and that study used the more restrictive 10% fat and vegan diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A randomized clinical trial of a standard versus vegetarian diet for weight loss: the impact of treatment preference

et al. 2007

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Background: With obesity rampant, methods to achieve sustained weight loss remain elusive. Objective: To compare the long-term weight-loss efficacy of 2 cal and fat-restricted diets, standard (omnivorous) versus lactoovo-vegetarian, and to determine the effect of a chosen diet versus an assigned diet. Design, subjects: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 176 adults who were sedentary and overweight (mean body mass index, 34.0 kg/m 2 ). Participants were first randomly assigned to either receive their preferred diet or be assigned to a diet group and second, were given their diet of preference or randomly assigned to a standard weight-loss diet or a lacto-ovovegetarian diet. Participants underwent a university-based weight-control program consisting of daily dietary and exercise goals plus 12 months of behavioral counseling followed by a 6-month maintenance phase. Measurements: Percentage change in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, low-and high-density lipoprotein, glucose, insulin and macronutrient intake. Results: The program was completed by 132 (75%) of the participants. At 18 months, mean percentage weight loss was greater (P ¼ 0.01) in the two groups that were assigned a diet (standard, 8.0% (s.d., 7.8%); vegetarian, 7.9% (s.d., 8.1%)) than in those provided the diet of their choice (standard, 3.9% (s.d., 6.1%); vegetarian, 5.3% (s.d., 6.2%)). No difference was observed in weight loss between the two types of diet. Over the 18-month program, all groups showed significant weight loss. Conclusions: Participants assigned to their dietary preference did not have enhanced treatment outcomes. However, all groups lost weight with losses ranging from 4 to 8% at 18 months.

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Weight gain over 5 years in 21 966 meat-eating, fish-eating, vegetarian, and vegan men and women in EPIC-Oxford

Cited by 201 publications

References 44 publications

Changes in weight and waist circumference over 9 years in a Scottish population

Changes in weight and waist circumference over 9 years in a Scottish population

Weight Changes in Euthyroid Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy

A randomized clinical trial of a standard versus vegetarian diet for weight loss: the impact of treatment preference

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