Smoking cessation and body mass index of occupationally active men: the Israeli CORDIS Study.

Abstract

Coronary and cerebrovascular diseases are more frequent among smokers than nonsmokers,'3 while obesity is a risk indicator for overall and cardiovascular mortality.45Both smoking and obesity are modifiable targets for health promotion. However, smoking cessation is associated with weight gain. To estimate the bias induced by this selection, mortality data were obtained from the Ministry of the Interior for 3795 of the participants in CORDIS I and for 1507 of those who did not participate. The remaining 245 eligible workers were excluded from the analysis because of discrepancies with their identification registrations. The age-adjusted 8-year mortality rate among the 3795 employees who entered CORDIS I was 67.6% of the agespecific rate for the general Israeli population; among the 1507 who did not enter the study, the figure was 91.2% of the expected rate. The 4-year mortality (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994) of 1332 of the 1338 employees who were seen in follow-up from 1988 through 1990 (CORDIS II) was 39.5% of the expected rate, while the 4-year mortality of 2399 of the 2478 who were lost to follow-up was 73.2% of the expected rate. There were no significant differences in age, BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, history of myocardial infarction, alcohol consumption, sports activity, or education between employees who were seen and those who were lost to follow-up (data not shown).

Smokers' physical activity and weight gain one year after a successful versus unsuccessful quit attempt

“…Smokers are generally lighter and leaner than non-smokers (Froom et al, 1999; Kvaavik et al, 2004; Lissner et al, 1992), and concern about weight gain may prevent some smokers from undertaking a quit attempt (Klesges et al, 1988; Meyers et al, 1997). This concern is warranted as quitters have approximately a 5.8 fold risk of major weight gain when compared to non-quitters (Williamson et al, 1991) with a weight gain averaging 4-9 kg, depending on gender and time since quitting (Klesges et al, 1997; O’Hara et al, 1998; U.S.…”

Weight Change Over Eight Years in Relation to Alcohol Consumption in a Cohort of Continuing Smokers and Quitters

“…Cohort studies have shown higher alcohol consumption attenuates the rise in BMI associated with quitting smoking (Froom et al, 1999), even after adjustment for physical activity (Kawachi et al, 1996). However, these have not provided evidence of effect modification by smoking status.…”

“…Three prospective studies have considered the effects of alcohol on body weight around the time of quitting smoking; these have all found an inverse effect of alcohol consumption and weight gain (Froom et al, 1999;Kawachi, Troisi, Rotnitzky, Coakley, & Colditz, 1996;Nides et al, 1994). However, these studies did not fully explore the association according to smoking status.…”

Getting beyond outcomes: a realist approach to help understand the impact of a nutritional intervention during smoking cessation

“…Postcessation weight gain tends to be greater among women (Williamson et al, 1991;Borrelli et al, 2001), younger age groups (Froom et al, 1999) and deprived populations (Swan and Carmelli, 1995). However, the picture is ambiguous for predictors of post-cessation weight gain, such as body mass index at the time of entry to smoking cessation programmes, degree of addiction and participant motivation.…”

“…However, the picture is ambiguous for predictors of post-cessation weight gain, such as body mass index at the time of entry to smoking cessation programmes, degree of addiction and participant motivation. For example, a higher body mass index may be associated with smaller weight gains immediately after quitting, but it is a strong predictor of obesity in long-term follow-up (Williamson et al, 1991;Froom et al, 1999). Some studies indicate that heavier smokers experience greater weight gain post cessation (Hall et al, 1986;Perkins, 1993); others indicate that light smoking attenuates weight gain (Mizoue et al, 1998).…”