Smoking and relation to other risk factors in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease, with particular reference to whole blood viscosity and β‐cell function

Abstract

Objectives. To investigate possible associations between smoking habits and other coronary risk factors in postmenopausal women with known coronary heart disease (CHD). Setting. The study was conducted at a university clinic. Subjects. A total of 118 postmenopausal women with CHD verified with angiography, consecutively recruited. Interventions. Conventional treatment for CHD. The women were randomized to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with transdermal 17-b oestradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate, or to a control group. Results. Smokers were younger (P ¼ 0.005), had lower body mass index (P ¼ 0.04) and lipoprotein Lp(a) levels (P ¼ 0.02) compared with nonsmokers. Smokers had reduced b-cell function (homeostasis model assessment, P ¼ 0.006), whereas whole blood viscosity (WBV) was higher at all shear rates. WBV was not affected by HRT over a 12-month period. Oestrone levels were higher in smokers. Conclusions. Smoking adversely affects insulin secretion (b-cell function) and WBV in postmenopausal women with established CHD, which could be of importance as a mechanism for the increased risk of CHD in smokers. The importance of smoking as a risk factor, overrides the effect of Lp(a), which is lower in smokers compared with nonsmokers.

Blood rheological properties are strongly related to the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Chinese

“…Our WBV results share the same range with published data using a similar rotational method at high shear rates (200 -208 s À 1 ) [13,14].…”

Increased Blood Viscosity in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Small Artery Occlusion Measured by an Electromagnetic Spinning Sphere Viscometer

“…Increased blood viscosity at the date of admission may have been mediated by dehydration because patients returned 13 to normal hydrated conditions after 2 weeks. The importance of dehydration needs to be emphasized in the pathogenesis of SAO.…”

“…[8][9][10] Furthermore, relationships have been reported between blood viscosity and some cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and obesity. [11][12][13][14] An increase in blood viscosity has been identified in the acute phase of ischemic stroke, similar to other thrombotic diseases. [15][16][17][18][19] However, actual 4 measurements of blood viscosity have not been performed because of the stereotypical belief that blood viscosity increases equally in all ischemic stroke subtypes, which is within expectations and with less clinical value.…”

Smoking as a Risk Factor for Visceral Fat Accumulation in Japanese Men

“…In a largescale prospective study involving 100,000 people, Rimm et al (1993) showed that smoking was an independent risk factor for diabetes, suggesting that one of the physiological actions of smoking on the bodily functions may consist in the suppression of early insulin response (Os et al 2003), in conjunction with the elevation of TG levels in the blood that smoking induces (Freedman et al 1986).…”