Smoking and cataract: Review of causal association

Kelly, Simon P.; Thornton, Judith; Edwards, Richard; Sahu, Anjana; Harrison, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.06.039

Cited by 109 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…40,41 Smoking status was also associated with nuclear opacity incidence and progression, which is consistent with a number of previous studies. [42][43][44] We found that current smokers were twice as likely as nonsmokers to have incidence and progression of nuclear cataracts. Past smoking was also related to nuclear opacity incidence, although the relationship was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Racial Differences in Lens Opacity Incidence and Progression: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) Study

Storey¹,

Muñoz²,

Friedman³

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To evaluate racial differences in nuclear and cortical lens opacity incidence and progression over a 2-year period in an older American population.METHODS. Prospective population-based cohort study of a multiethnic population of 2520 people (26% African-American and 74% Caucasian), 65 to 84 years of age, living in Salisbury, Maryland. Data at baseline included race, education level, past steroid use, smoking status, alcohol status, sunlight exposure, and history of hypertension and diabetes. Lens photographs were taken at baseline and at 2-year follow-up and were graded using the Wilmer grading scheme. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the independent associations between race, as well as other risk factors, and incidence and progression of cortical and nuclear opacities.RESULTS. African-Americans had lower rates of nuclear opacity incidence (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.52; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.35-0.76) and nuclear opacity progression (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.38-0.92) compared with Caucasians. African-Americans had higher rates of cortical opacity incidence (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.21-2.98) and cortical opacity progression (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.21-2.45) compared with Caucasians. Additionally, nuclear opacity incidence was associated with age, female sex, and current smoking status. Nuclear progression was associated with past smoking and current smoking. Cortical opacity incidence was associated with female sex, Ultraviolet-B exposure, and a history of diabetes. Cortical opacity progression was associated with current smoking status.CONCLUSIONS. Differences by race in the type of cataract incidence and progression, even adjusting for personal and environmental risk factors, deserve further exploration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Racial Differences in Lens Opacity Incidence and Progression: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) Study

Storey¹,

Muñoz²,

Friedman³

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar associations have also been found for smoking and the development of age-related macular degeneration 35 and cataract. 36 In our judgement on the balance of the evidence available, particularly from the higher quality studies, there is sufficient evidence of causality and hence justification for educational and smoking cessation interventions with patients and the public who are often unaware that smoking has adverse ocular effects. 37 Patients with Graves' disease should be encouraged to stop smoking in order to both help prevent development of TED and to reduce the general physical harm that smoking causes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking and thyroid eye disease: a systematic review

Kelly

et al. 2006

Eye

169

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“…Stopping smoking was associated with a marked, non-linear decrease of the risk of progression to AMD and reduces the risk of developing cataracts [28,29]. Studies suggested a stronger association between smoking [30]. Smoking reduces the supply of antioxidants in our eyes, which may lead to cataracts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of presbyopia among smoking population

Khalaj¹,

Gasemi²,

Barikani³

et al. 2014

J Eye Ophthalmol

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Background: Presbyopia is a natural part of the aging process of the eye in which the loss of flexibility of the crystalline lens takes place over a number of years. This study aimed to determine differences in age of onset and progression of presbyopia between smoking and non smoking patients in Qazvin-Iran. Material and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in Boali Hospital in Qazvin-Iran between 2011 and 2012. Within the context of this survey, 304 eligible participants over 30 years age were randomly selected for interview and underwent nearvision testing. Of these, 152 participants were smokers and formed the case group and 152 non-smoking people were considered control participants. Functional presbyopia was defined as requiring at least +0.75 diopter in order to read the N8 optotype at a distance of 35 cm in the participant's usual visual state. Optometric and ophthalmologic examinations were performed on all participants. presbyopic correction coverage were calculated and the results were analyzed using SPSS Program with P<0.05. Resuts: A total of 304 participants' records were evaluated. Of those, 152 cigarette smokers were categorized as samples and 152 normal patients as control group. Eighty-five patients with ages between 39-40 year among smoking group needed to use glasses for near tasks, but nobody in normal group needed presbyopic glasses. There were significant differences in the age of onset and or progression of presbyopia were detected between smoking and normal patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our study is the first population-based investigation of presbyopia in Iran, with the aim of determining age of onset and progression of presbyopia among smoking people related to normal population. The results of this study indicate that the onset of presbyopia among smoking group was earlier than normal group. Statistically significant difference in the age of onset and progression of presbyopia was found between smoking and non-smoking patients.

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Smoking and cataract: Review of causal association

Cited by 109 publications

References 47 publications

Racial Differences in Lens Opacity Incidence and Progression: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) Study

Racial Differences in Lens Opacity Incidence and Progression: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) Study

Cigarette smoking and thyroid eye disease: a systematic review

Prevalence of presbyopia among smoking population

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