Smoke in the City: How Often and Where Does Smoke Impact Summertime Ozone in the United States?

Brey, Steven J.; Fischer, Emily V.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b05218

Cited by 82 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We assign each HYSPLIT point a land-cover type using land-cover classifications from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 2002 North American Land-Cover Characteristics 1 km grid-spacing dataset, created by the National Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) as part of the Global Land Cover Characterization Project (Brown, 2016). Land-cover characteristics are assessed using 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data between 1992 and 1993 using the methods described in Anderson et al (1976).…”

Section: Description Of Land-cover Characteristics Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Land-cover characteristics are assessed using 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data between 1992 and 1993 using the methods described in Anderson et al (1976). For this work, we use the GeoTIFF file projected to a latitude-longitude grid as a geospatial raster (Brown, 2016 Hansen et al (2000) for a discussion of the weaknesses of the 1992 land-cover dataset. We have also completed a comparison to a 2010 land-cover dataset, and this comparison is available in the Supplement Sect.…”

Section: Description Of Land-cover Characteristics Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…North American fires represent a major source of atmospheric pollutants (Wiedinmyer et al, 2006), and they contribute to elevated ground-level ozone (O 3 ) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in the United States (Baker et al, 2016;Brey and Fischer, 2016;Jaffe et al, 2008;Park et al, 2007;Saide et al, 2015). Exposure to wildfire smoke has been shown to have negative impacts on respiratory and cardiovascular health (Dennekamp and Carey, 2010;Haikerwal et al, 2015;Rappold et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Connecting smoke plumes to sources using Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke and fire location data over North America

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Fires represent an air quality challenge because they are large, dynamic and transient sources of particulate matter and ozone precursors. Transported smoke can deteriorate air quality over large regions. Fire severity and frequency are likely to increase in the future, exacerbating an existing problem. Using the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke data for North America for the period 2007 to 2014, we examine a subset of fires that are confirmed to have produced sufficient smoke to warrant the initiation of a U.S. National Weather Service smoke forecast. We find that gridded HMS-analyzed fires are well correlated (r = 0.84) with emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Inventory Database 4s (GFED4s). We define a new metric, smoke hours, by linking observed smoke plumes to active fires using ensembles of forward trajectories. This work shows that the Southwest, Northwest, and Northwest Territories initiate the most air quality forecasts and produce more smoke than any other North American region by measure of the number of HYSPLIT points analyzed, the duration of those HYS-PLIT points, and the total number of smoke hours produced. The average number of days with smoke plumes overhead is largest over the north-central United States. Only Alaska, the Northwest, the Southwest, and Southeast United States regions produce the majority of smoke plumes observed over their own borders. This work moves a new dataset from a daily operational setting to a research context, and it demonstrates how changes to the frequency or intensity of fires in the western United States could impact other regions.

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Section: Description Of Land-cover Characteristics Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Land-cover Characteristics Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Connecting smoke plumes to sources using Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke and fire location data over North America

et al. 2018

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“…North American fires represent a major source of atmospheric pollutants (Wiedinmyer et al, 2006), and they contribute to elevated ground level ozone (O 3 ) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in the U.S. (Baker et al, 2016;Brey and Fischer, 2016;Jaffe et al, 2008;Park et al, 2007;Saide et al, 2015). Exposure to wildfire smoke has been shown to have negative impacts on respiratory and cardiovascular health (Dennekamp and Carey, 2010;Haikerwal et al, 2015;Rappold et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting smoke plumes to sources using Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke and fire location data over North America

Brey¹,

Ruminski²,

Atwood³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Fires represent an air quality challenge because they are large, dynamic and transient sources of particulate matter and ozone precursors. Transported smoke can deteriorate air quality over large regions. Fire severity and frequency are likely to increase in the future, exacerbating an existing problem. Using the National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS) Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke data for North America for the period 2007 to 2014, we examine 10 a subset of fires that are confirmed to have produced sufficient smoke to warrant the initiation of a U.S. National Weather Service smoke forecast. We find that gridded HMS analyzed fires are well correlated (r = 0.84) with emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Inventory Database 4s (GFED4s). We define a new metric, smoke hours, by linking observed smoke plumes to active fires using ensembles of forward trajectories. This work shows that the Southwest, Northwest, and Northwest Territories trigger the most air quality forecasts, and produce more smoke than any other North American region 15 by measure of the number of HYSPIT points analyzed, the duration of those HYSPLIT points, and the total number of smoke hours produced. The average number of days with smoke plumes overhead is largest over the north-central U.S. Only Alaska, the Northwest, the Southwest, and Southeast U.S. regions produce the majority of smoke plumes observed over their own borders. This work moves a new dataset from a daily operational setting to a research context, and it demonstrates how changes to the frequency or intensity of fires in the western U.S. could impact other regions. 20

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“…There are well-documented case studies of within-plume O 3 production (see Jaffe and Wigder, 2012;Heilman et al, 2014, and references within) and time periods where smoke contributed to exceedances of the US EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for O 3 (Morris et al, 2006;Pfister et al, 2008), currently a maximum daily 8 h average of 70 ppbv. Brey and Fischer (2016) investigated the impacts of smoke on O 3 abundances across the US via an analysis of routine in situ measurements and NOAA satellite products. Their analysis demonstrated that the presence of smoke is correlated with higher O 3 mixing ratios in many areas of the US, and that this correlation is not driven by temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in ozone and precursors during two aged wildfire smoke events in the Colorado Front Range in summer 2015

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The relative importance of wildfire smoke for air quality over the western US is expected to increase as the climate warms and anthropogenic emissions decline. We report on in situ measurements of ozone (O 3 ), a suite of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and reactive oxidized nitrogen species collected during summer 2015 at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Erie, CO. Aged wildfire smoke impacted BAO during two distinct time periods during summer 2015: 6-10 July and 16-30 August. The smoke was transported from the Pacific Northwest and Canada across much of the continental US. Carbon monoxide and particulate matter increased during the smoke-impacted periods, along with peroxyacyl nitrates and several VOCs that have atmospheric lifetimes longer than the transport timescale of the smoke. During the August smokeimpacted period, nitrogen dioxide was also elevated during the morning and evening compared to the smoke-free periods. There were nine empirically defined high-O 3 days during our study period at BAO, and two of these days were smoke impacted. We examined the relationship between O 3 and temperature at BAO and found that for a given temperature, O 3 mixing ratios were greater (∼ 10 ppbv) during the smoke-impacted periods. Enhancements in O 3 during the August smoke-impacted period were also observed at two long-term monitoring sites in Colorado: Rocky Mountain National Park and the Arapahoe National Wildlife Refuge near Walden, CO. Our data provide a new case study of how aged wildfire smoke can influence atmospheric composition at an urban site, and how smoke can contribute to increased O 3 abundances across an urban-rural gradient.

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Smoke in the City: How Often and Where Does Smoke Impact Summertime Ozone in the United States?

Cited by 82 publications

References 39 publications

Connecting smoke plumes to sources using Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke and fire location data over North America

Connecting smoke plumes to sources using Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke and fire location data over North America

Connecting smoke plumes to sources using Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke and fire location data over North America

Changes in ozone and precursors during two aged wildfire smoke events in the Colorado Front Range in summer 2015

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