‘Smoke cities’: northern industrial towns in late Georgian England

Barker, Hannah

doi:10.1017/s0963926804002093

Cited by 37 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Both arise broadly from density, although the basis for the relationship has altered as cities have undergone the shift from industrial to post-industrial economies. As industrial centers, the employment locations within cities were simultaneously the attractors for households and the generators of a substantial proportion of air pollution [ 22 , 23 ]. With relatively low levels of mobility, commuting distances were short so richer and poorer households lived close to these locations, adding to air pollution through domestic combustion of polluting fuels such as coal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering the Relationship between Air Pollution and Deprivation

Bailey

Dong

Minton

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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This paper critically examines the relationship between air pollution and deprivation. We argue that focusing on a particular economic or social model of urban development might lead one to erroneously expect all cities to converge towards a particular universal norm. A naive market sorting model, for example, would predict that poor households will eventually be sorted into high pollution areas, leading to a positive relationship between air pollution and deprivation. If, however, one considers a wider set of theoretical perspectives, the anticipated relationship between air pollution and deprivation becomes more complex and idiosyncratic. Specifically, we argue the relationship between pollution and deprivation can only be made sense of by considering processes of risk perception, path dependency, gentrification and urbanization. Rather than expecting all areas to eventually converge to some universal norm, we should expect the differences in the relationship between air pollution and deprivation across localities to persist. Mindful of these insights, we propose an approach to modeling which does not impose a geographically fixed relationship. Results for Scotland reveal substantial variations in the observed relationships over space and time, supporting our argument.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering the Relationship between Air Pollution and Deprivation

Bailey

Dong

Minton

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…The fact that an industrial town like Manchester could enjoy an equivalently cultured existence to a leisure town, and be adorned with comparable civic buildings, has brought into question any restriction of the new civilization to the non‐manufacturing town. However, even though it is accepted that industrial towns enjoyed many aspects of polite life, the most sophisticated towns that conformed to the paradigm were still not primarily industrial: smokestacks wanted to join the silver service rather than question it. Indeed, the arguments in favour of Manchester's culture perversely confirmed the underlying hypothesis – since they implied that towns or burghs that lacked such buildings could legitimately be regarded as less cultured or less sophisticated.…”

Section: Principal Burgh Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Was there a British Georgian town? A comparison between selected Scottish burghs and English towns

McKean

2013

Hist Res

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This article examines the nature of Scottish urban ambition during the Enlightenment period, through assessing the pattern of public building construction in selected burghs against the general historiography of Georgian towns. Using principally Scottish burgh council minutes and contemporary publications, it studies the improvement agenda as the context for civic building, and questions whether it provided a discernible process and chronology for the construction activity. In reviewing the symbolic role of public buildings in particular, the article ponders whether there was indeed a British urban experience toward the end of the first century of parliamentary union. [1] It concludes that both in the historically different Scottish urbanism and the distinctive manner in which Scots burghs responded to improvement, the urban experience north and south of the border was significantly different.

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“…This new middle-class rose from the ranks of the working-classes and were the forerunners of innovation and dissemination of new ideas and improvements in manufacturing, which would in turn mass-produce goods making them more affordable. This meant more buying, with more disposable income generated by reductions in food prices and increases in real wages ( Lloyd-Jones and Roux, 1980 ; Barker, 2004 ). More goods meant more advertising, which further drove consumption habits, mainly in the middle- and working-classes ( Skelton, 2003 ; Garrod, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introduction and Aims Of This Papermentioning

confidence: 99%