Smoke aerosol transport patterns over the Maritime Continent

Xian, Peng; Reid, Jeffrey S.; Atwood, Samuel A.; Johnson, Randall S.; Hyer, E. J.; Westphal, Douglas L.; Sessions, W. R.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.006

Cited by 77 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…A general overview of the summer monsoonal system can be found in Chang et al (2005), Moron et al (2009) and the book by Chang et al (2011). An overview of how monsoonal weather features relate to smoke emissions and transport from progressively larger to finer scales can be found in Reid et al (2012), Xian et al (2013), Mahmud (2009a, b) and Wang et al (2013), respectively. A brief description of key meteorological and aerosol elements for the summer 2011 burning season, as they relate to the study measurement period, is provided here.…”

Section: Results I: Regional Meteorological and Aerosol Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under most circumstances, smoke and pollution from the MC is thought to be transported by southwesterly monsoonal winds into the SCS/ES where it is scavenged by convection with eventual annihilation in the monsoonal trough (Reid et al, 2012;Xian et al, 2013). However, the transition process between "polluted land" and "clean monsoonal trough" is poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While model representation of regional smoke transport often suggests a smooth transition, imagery -and both passive satellite and lidar observations -often depict a strong gradient between island and ocean (e.g., Campbell et al, 2013;Reid et al, 2012Reid et al, , 2013. Prevailing hypotheses for this divergence surround scale-dependent issues in the model, and the reproducibility of orographic and sea breeze meteorology (e.g., Reid et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2013;Xian et al, 2013). But overall, the transport and transformation mechanisms from polluted island to clean marine background air are not well understood nor easily simulated.…”

Section: Overall Nature Of the Meteorological And Aerosol Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limited remote sensing data that are available is largely qualitative, with both cloud and aerosol retrievals showing great regional diversity across product lines in this near-ubiquitous cloud environment . While higher-frequency meteorological phenomena, such as the Madden-Julian Oscillation and equatorial waves (Reid et al, 2012), as well as orographic and sea breeze effects, are thought to exert significant influence on transport (Mahmud, 2009a, b;Reid et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2013;Xian et al, 2013), there are virtually no in situ observations of the SCS/ES aerosol environment in this critical summer monsoonal season. Cloud processes in regions such as the MC are expected to be sensitive to the presence of aerosol particles (e.g., Sorooshion et al, 2009;Yuan et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7-SEAS) program , a 2-week research cruise was conducted from 17 to 30 September 2011 in the northern half of the Palawan archipelago of the Philippines; a region thought to be a long-range receptor for MC biomass burning and industrial emissions (Reid et al, 2012;Xian et al, 2013). At the same time, additional sun photometer, lidar and ground measurements were made in Singapore to contrast with the Philippine receptor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations of the temporal variability in aerosol properties and their relationships to meteorology in the summer monsoonal South China Sea/East Sea: the scale-dependent role of monsoonal flows, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, tropical cyclones, squall lines and cold pools

Reid¹,

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In a joint NRL/Manila Observatory mission, as part of the Seven SouthEast Asian Studies program (7-SEAS), a 2-week, late September 2011 research cruise in the northern Palawan archipelago was undertaken to observe the nature of southwest monsoonal aerosol particles in the South China Sea/East Sea (SCS/ES) and Sulu Sea region. Previous analyses suggested this region as a receptor for biomass burning from Borneo and Sumatra for boundary layer air entering the monsoonal trough. Anthropogenic pollution and biofuel emissions are also ubiquitous, as is heavy shipping traffic. Here, we provide an overview of the regional environment during the cruise, a time series of key aerosol and meteorological parameters, and their interrelationships. Overall, this cruise provides a narrative of the processes that control regional aerosol loadings and their possible feedbacks with clouds and precipitation. While 2011 was a moderate El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) La Niña year, higher burning activity and lower precipitation was more typical of neutral conditions. The large-scale aerosol environment was modulated by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and its associated tropical cyclone (TC) activity in a manner consistent with the conceptual analysis performedPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. J. S. Reid et al.: Temporal variability in South Chinas Sea aerosol propertiesby Reid et al. (2012). Advancement of the MJO from phase 3 to 6 with accompanying cyclogenesis during the cruise period strengthened flow patterns in the SCS/ES that modulated aerosol life cycle. TC inflow arms of significant convection sometimes span from Sumatra to Luzon, resulting in very low particle concentrations (minimum condensation nuclei CN < 150 cm −3 , non-sea-salt PM 2.5 < 1 µg m −3 ). However, elevated carbon monoxide levels were occasionally observed suggesting passage of polluted air masses whose aerosol particles had been rained out. Conversely, two drier periods occurred with higher aerosol particle concentrations originating from Borneo and Southern Sumatra (CN > 3000 cm −3 and non-sea-salt PM 2.5 10-25 µg m −3 ). These cases corresponded with two different mechanisms of convection suppression: lower free-tropospheric dry-air intrusion from the Indian Ocean, and large-scale TC-induced subsidence. Veering vertical wind shear also resulted in aerosol transport into this region being mainly in the marine boundary layer (MBL), although lower free troposphere transport was possible on the western sides of Sumatra and Borneo. At the hourly time scale, particle concentrations were observed to be modulated by integer factors through convection and associated cold pools. Geostationary satellite observations suggest that convection often takes the form of squall lines, which are bowed up to 500 km across the monsoonal flow and 50 km wide. These squall lines, initiated by cold pools from large thunderstorms and likely sustained by a veering vertical wind shear and aforementioned mid-troposphere dr...

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Section: Results I: Regional Meteorological and Aerosol Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overall Nature Of the Meteorological And Aerosol Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Observations of the temporal variability in aerosol properties and their relationships to meteorology in the summer monsoonal South China Sea/East Sea: the scale-dependent role of monsoonal flows, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, tropical cyclones, squall lines and cold pools

Reid¹,

et al. 2015

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Development and demonstration of a Lagrangian dispersion modeling system for real‐time prediction of smoke haze pollution from biomass burning in Southeast Asia

et al. 2015

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Transboundary smoke haze caused by biomass burning frequently causes extreme air pollution episodes in maritime and continental Southeast Asia. With millions of people being affected by this type of pollution every year, the task to introduce smoke haze related air quality forecasts is urgent. We investigate three severe haze episodes: June 2013 in Maritime SE Asia, induced by fires in central Sumatra, and March/April 2013 and 2014 on mainland SE Asia. Based on comparisons with surface measurements of PM10 we demonstrate that the combination of the Lagrangian dispersion model NAME with emissions derived from satellite‐based active‐fire detection provides reliable forecasts for the region. Contrasting two fire emission inventories shows that using algorithms to account for fire pixel obscuration by cloud or haze better captures the temporal variations and observed persistence of local pollution levels. Including up‐to‐date representations of fuel types in the area and using better conversion and emission factors is found to more accurately represent local concentration magnitudes, particularly for peat fires. With both emission inventories the overall spatial and temporal evolution of the haze events is captured qualitatively, with some error attributed to the resolution of the meteorological data driving the dispersion process. In order to arrive at a quantitative agreement with local PM10 levels, the simulation results need to be scaled. Considering the requirements of operational forecasts, we introduce a real‐time bias correction technique to the modeling system to address systematic and random modeling errors, which successfully improves the results in terms of reduced normalized mean biases and fractional gross errors.

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Mesoscale modeling of smoke transport from equatorial Southeast Asian Maritime Continent to the Philippines: First comparison of ensemble analysis with in situ observations

Wang

Reid³

et al. 2017

JGR Atmospheres

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Atmospheric transport of smoke from equatorial Southeast Asian Maritime Continent (Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia) to the Philippines was recently verified by the first‐ever measurement of aerosol composition in the region of the Sulu Sea from a research vessel named Vasco. However, numerical modeling of such transport can have large uncertainties due to the lack of observations for parameterization schemes and for describing fire emission and meteorology in this region. These uncertainties are analyzed here, for the first time, with an ensemble of 24 Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) simulations. The ensemble reproduces the time series of observed surface nonsea‐salt PM2.5 concentrations observed from the Vasco vessel during 17–30 September 2011 and overall agrees with satellite (Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data. The difference of meteorology between National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP's) Final (FNL) and European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF's) ERA renders the biggest spread in the ensemble (up to 20 μg m−3 or 200% in surface PM2.5), with FNL showing systematically superior results. The second biggest uncertainty is from fire emissions; the 2 day maximum Fire Locating and Modelling of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE) emission is superior than the instantaneous one. While Grell‐Devenyi (G3) and Betts‐Miller‐Janjić cumulus schemes only produce a difference of 3 μg m−3 of surface PM2.5 over the Sulu Sea, the ensemble mean agrees best with Climate Prediction Center (CPC) MORPHing (CMORPH)'s spatial distribution of precipitation. Simulation with FNL‐G3, 2 day maximum FLAMBE, and 800 m injection height outperforms other ensemble members. Finally, the global transport model (Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS)) outperforms all WRF‐Chem simulations in describing smoke transport on 20 September 2011, suggesting the challenges to model tropical meteorology at mesoscale and finer scale.

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Smoke aerosol transport patterns over the Maritime Continent

Cited by 77 publications

References 80 publications

Observations of the temporal variability in aerosol properties and their relationships to meteorology in the summer monsoonal South China Sea/East Sea: the scale-dependent role of monsoonal flows, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, tropical cyclones, squall lines and cold pools

Observations of the temporal variability in aerosol properties and their relationships to meteorology in the summer monsoonal South China Sea/East Sea: the scale-dependent role of monsoonal flows, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, tropical cyclones, squall lines and cold pools

Development and demonstration of a Lagrangian dispersion modeling system for real‐time prediction of smoke haze pollution from biomass burning in Southeast Asia

Mesoscale modeling of smoke transport from equatorial Southeast Asian Maritime Continent to the Philippines: First comparison of ensemble analysis with in situ observations

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