Smile prevails over other facial components of male facial esthetics

Patusco, Virna; Carvalho, Carla Karina; Lenza, Marcos Augusto; Faber, Jorge

doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2018.03.019

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this sense, the smile assessed as attractive surrounds the contraction of the major zygomaticus muscle in combination with the orbicularis oculi (Lin et al, 2013), which may explain the significant increase in interalar distance of this area during the muscle action. Recent studies have indicated that the smile is a highly valuable component in the facial esthetic (Patusco et al, 2018) and this value is reduced when there is an increase in the width of the alar base; accordingly, the inclusion of different areas involved in the smile, such as lips, nose and eyes, renders the segmentation of subunits in these analyses complex, such that new studies must be conducted to assess the facial subunits and their effect on the smile and facial expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Analysis of Nasolabial Soft Tissues While Smiling Using stereophotogrammetry (3dMDTM)

et al. 2019

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The nasolabial region is the central esthetic unit of the face and is considered one of the most important determinants of the facial esthetic. The facial morphometry of soft tissues is a very important tool in facial surgery. Advances have been made recently in the capture and analysis of 3D images, which offer great development potential in the diagnosis and treatment of facial deformities. The aim of this study was to characterize the nasolabial region of patient candidates for orthognathic surgery using 3D facial captures. A study was conducted to characterize the width of the nasal base and the nasolabial angle in adult patients through 3D photographs. 30 subjects were included, taking two 3D photos each, one in a resting position and the other smiling. The three-dimensional capture was done with the 3dMDface System. The measurements were taken with the 3dMD Vultus software. The length of the alar base was an average of 34.3 ± 2.6 mm at rest, and 39.1 ± 2.9 mm smiling. The mean of the nasolabial angle was 104.6 ± 9.6° at rest and 105.4 ± 14.3º smiling. Additionally, the distance of the alar base smiling compared to its distance at rest increased an average of 4.83 mm, whereas the nasolabial angle smiling increased an average of 0.8º compared to at rest. In this study, the nasolabial angle did not present any significant changes so that its assessments in the case of facial modifications can be standard; the width of the nasal base is significantly modified with the smile and thus a more intense study of any type of modification in this area is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Analysis of Nasolabial Soft Tissues While Smiling Using stereophotogrammetry (3dMDTM)

et al. 2019

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“…Perception and esthetic-judgment studies can help dental professionals understand how laypersons evaluate all the details concerning their smiles and those of others and prioritize patients’ needs to avoid biased professional evaluations [ 7 , 8 , 22 , 32 ]. Concerning the esthetic perception, compared to general dentists and orthodontists, laypersons tend to accept a larger scale of smile deviations, such as midline deviation up to 2.2 mm, exposed gingival margins while smiling, and variation in tooth coronal morphology [ 8 , 16 , 33 , 34 ], perhaps because laypersons observe the eyes in the images before attending the mouth [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esthetic Perception of Different Clinical Situations of Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis According to Populations with Dental and Non-Dental Backgrounds: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Calheiros-Lobo

Pinho

2023

Dentistry Journal

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Treatment of unilateral or bilateral maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is challenging, time-consuming, expensive, and requires careful treatment planning, predictability, and esthetics. This review aimed to identify differences in esthetic perception among orthodontists, general dentists, differentiated dentists, and laypersons, which may interfere with treatment options. EBSCO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library databases, and Google Scholar were searched using keyword pairing and a Boolean expression, “(congenitally missing OR agenesis OR hypodontia) AND (maxillary lateral incisors) AND (esthetic perception OR smile) AND (laypersons OR dental professional OR general dentist OR orthodontists).” Reviews and case studies were excluded. A total of 13 studies were selected for qualitative analysis (adapted ROBINS-I) and 11 were selected for meta-analysis (p < 0.05) after being sub-grouped into “Opening vs. Closure” and “No remodeling vs. Dental remodeling vs. Dental and gingival remodeling” groups. A meta-analysis evaluated the magnitude of the difference between groups based on differences in means and effect sizes (α = 0.05; 95% CI; Z-value 1.96), revealing that the esthetic perception of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis treatment remains controversial even among professionals. Gingival remodeling was not valued compared to isolated dental remodeling. Studies lack rigorously comparable methodologies. Discussion with the patient is pertinent in doubtful situations, as the best treatment option remains unclear, and overtreatment should be avoided.

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“…Smile is the most influential part of facial aesthetics compared to the eyes, chin and nose [ 5 ]. The perception of smile is a complex phenomenon that affected by biologic, psychologic and social factors [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual difference of smile aesthetics between 2-dimensional photographs and 3-dimensional dentofacial images: a cross-sectional study

Xiao¹,

Chen²,

Zhao³

et al. 2023

BMC Oral Health

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Background The aim of this study was to compare the perceptual difference of smile aesthetics between 2D photographs and 3D dentofacial images as perceived by orthodontists and graduate students. Methods Forty-eight subjects finished orthodontic treatment were recruited with 2D photographs of frontal, oblique and lateral views as well as 3D dentofacial images. Twelve senior orthodontists and 13 postgraduate students were asked to rate the 2D and 3D smile simulations based on visual analog scale (VAS) and to vote for smile features that affect the attractiveness of smile. At the end, they completed a questionnaire about their views on different smile simulations. Wilcoxon signed-rank, Bland–Altman analysis, and multiple linear regression were used to compare the ratings and votes of smile perception between raters and between records. Results Orthodontists and postgraduate students rated smile consistently with 2D photographs, while orthodontists tended to give a higher rate for unattractive smiles and a lower rate for attractive smiles with 3D dentofacial images. The 3D dentofacial images were rated significantly lower than 2D photographs and the voting of most of the smile features showed significant negative main effect on VAS scores, while the effect of demographic characteristics of raters, voting on visible width of upper dentition and buccal corridor was not significant. In addition, a significant negative main effect of commissure and facial profile was found on the rating discrepancy between 2D and 3D images. Conclusions Senior orthodontists tend to perceived 3D images more conservatively in smile evaluation. 3D dentofacial images were rated lower than 2D photographs and most of the smile features affect the aesthetic perception of smile. The perceptual difference of commissure and facial profile contributed to the lower ratings in 3D dentofacial images.

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Smile prevails over other facial components of male facial esthetics

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Three-dimensional Analysis of Nasolabial Soft Tissues While Smiling Using stereophotogrammetry (3dMDTM)

Three-dimensional Analysis of Nasolabial Soft Tissues While Smiling Using stereophotogrammetry (3dMDTM)

Esthetic Perception of Different Clinical Situations of Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis According to Populations with Dental and Non-Dental Backgrounds: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Perceptual difference of smile aesthetics between 2-dimensional photographs and 3-dimensional dentofacial images: a cross-sectional study

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