Smartphone Usage and its Applications among School Going Children (5-16 Years) in Lahore, Pakistan

Tariq, Kalsoom; Tariq, Rukiya; Hussain, Abdullah; Shahid, Maryam

doi:10.18311/jeoh/2018/20017

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…While one study reported that students from higher-income families spent more time on their mobile phones [ 21 ], another found that lower-income students used their mobile phones more often [ 22 ]. In a study conducted in Pakistan, the majority of students aged 5–16 years old (69%) reported ST device use of less than 2 h per day [ 23 ]. Perhaps the lifestyles and economic statuses of the people in these studies are the factors behind this difference in ST device use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detrimental impacts of smart technology device overuse among school students in Kuwait: a cross-sectional survey

et al. 2020

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Background Children and adolescents are becoming the most prolific users of smart technology (ST) devices due to the numerous advantages presented by these devices. However, the overuse of ST devices can have detrimental impacts on health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of ST device use among school students in Kuwait and the possible associated health problems. Methods This cross-sectional survey used a pretested questionnaire to collect data from students of different educational levels within the governmental sector: primary, secondary and high school. Chi-square tests were applied to find associations or significant differences between the categorical variables, in which p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results This study included 3015 students, of whom 53.6% were female. The sample had an equal distribution of primary (33.8%), secondary (32.4%) and high school students (33.8%). Almost all of the participants (99.7%) owned a ST device, chiefly smartphones (87.7%). Most of the students used ST devices for > 4 total hours per day on average, which is categorised as “overuse”. Among those overusing ST devices, the symptoms most commonly experienced included headaches (35.0%), sleep disturbances (36.6%) and neck/shoulder pain (37.7%). Students who used ST devices for < 1 h per session experienced eye-related problems. Moreover, students who played sports on a regular basis were more likely to spend less time per session on ST devices. The prolonged use of ST devices was associated with higher reporting of seizures, eye squints and transient vision loss. Conclusion The overuse of ST devices per day and per session by school-aged children has the potential to have a detrimental impact on their health, as has been noticed among students in Kuwait. Healthcare professionals, school authorities and parents could use these results to plan strategies to change ST device use behaviours among schoolchildren.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detrimental impacts of smart technology device overuse among school students in Kuwait: a cross-sectional survey

et al. 2020

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“…Duggan et al (2015) found that two and more SNSs were used by people, therefore, focusing on one SNS is problematic. The results of the study have shown that despite the low-income country and culturally collectivists, still, the trends of social media usage are higher in Pakistan (Tariq et al, 2018). Since Pew Research Center also reported accelerating use of social media technologies in developing the region and the presented studies also indorsed the growing use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Therefore, it is imperative to test empirically the growing use of SNSs and validate an instrument to measure duration, needs, and motives for SNSs use in developing countries and in their social context. Like other developing countries, rapid adoption of technologies, such as smartphones and SNSs is observed in Pakistan (Tariq, Tariq, Hussain, & Shahid, 2018).…”

Section: Background Of the Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social networking sites usage & needs scale (SNSUN): a new instrument for measuring social networking sites’ usage patterns and needs

Ali

Danaee

Firdaus

2019

Journal of Information and Telecommunication

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Numerous measures of SNSs use have been found in the literature. However, the bulk of existing instruments measure either usage patterns or needs gratifications. What remains lacking is an instrument that integrates both dimensions of SNSs usage patterns and needs. The current study addresses this gap by presenting an integrated instrument that measures both SNSs usage patterns and interrelated dimensions of SNSs needs, namely: diversion needs, cognitive needs, affective needs, personal integration needs, and social integration needs. This instrument is specifically validated for populations in a developing country as exemplified by Pakistan, a research context lacking in validated instruments.Development and validation of the instrument were conducted in two phases: (1) expert validation of questionnaire (2) instrument convergent validation. Six researchers with related expertise, internationally and from Pakistan, provided input in the expert validation phase. Next, structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed on the results of an online survey in Pakistan (n = 162). Results returned five dimensions of SNSs needs (i.e. diversion, cognitive, affective, personal integration and social integration), with 18 items showing high reliability (α = .922) and strongly correlated within and between dimensions. Based on demographic data analysis, the instrument is validated for male and female young adult urban residents with middle and higher socioeconomic status.

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“…According to another study conducted in Pakistan on school going children found significant association between long-term smartphone usage with behavioural and psychological problems. 16 Another study has mentioned that Television is most watched screen-based device among children. 17 television is the device that was most watched by preschoolers (n=119, 59.5%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to another study conducted in Pakistan on school going children found significant association between long-term smartphone usage with behavioural and psychological problems. 16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of screen time on behavior of pre-schoolers in Islamabad

Suleman¹,

Sughra²,

Riaz³

et al. 2023

Pak J Med Sci

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Objective: Early years of childhood form the basis of intelligence, personality, social behaviour, and capacity to learn and nurture oneself as an adult. Our objective was to find out the effects of screen time on behavior of pre-schoolers, which could provide scientific grounds to the control of digital screen time. Method: A cross sectional survey was conducted in four private preschools of Islamabad from June -November 2021. A sample size of 200 children ages three-five years were selected through multistage random sampling using a parental questionnaire. Children were grouped based on daily screen time of ≤60 minutes or >60 minutes. Analysis was made based on the Child behavior checklist for ages eighteen months-five years results. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.925. It was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and multi linear regression were applied to determine the association and significance levels between the variables. Results: Study results indicate increased screen time was statistically significant with child’s age, education level and employment status of mothers. It was observed that pre-schoolers with screen time of > 60 minutes tend to suffer more from withdrawal syndrome (11.94±3.91, p = 0.014) sleep problems (10.97±3.20, p = 0.010) and Autism spectrum problems (17.66±5.89, p = 0.047) as compared to pre-schoolers with screen time ≤60 minutes. Strongest predictor of outcome variable was found to be mothers education level (ß = 21.53). Conclusion: Study findings revealed that excessive screen time has deleterious effect and is associated with behavioural problems of pre-schoolers. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6883 How to cite this: Suleman M, Sughra U, Riaz A, Akbar M. Effect of screen time on behavior of pre-schoolers in Islamabad. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6883 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Smartphone Usage and its Applications among School Going Children (5-16 Years) in Lahore, Pakistan

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

The detrimental impacts of smart technology device overuse among school students in Kuwait: a cross-sectional survey

The detrimental impacts of smart technology device overuse among school students in Kuwait: a cross-sectional survey

Social networking sites usage & needs scale (SNSUN): a new instrument for measuring social networking sites’ usage patterns and needs

Effect of screen time on behavior of pre-schoolers in Islamabad

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