Smartphone: en comunicación, algo más que una adicción

Abstract

Diferentes trabajos han analizado la adicción al Smartphone (Young, 2009; Beard, 2005). Sin embargo, todavía no existe una base teórica sólida que permita interpretar desde la psicología social este trastorno adictivo, ni una herramienta de diagnóstico precoz breve derivada de este fundamento (Cuesta, Cuesta y Martínez, 2019). Se hace indispensable la creación de herramientas que permitan estudiar los mecanismos psicosociales que subyacen al uso problemático del Smartphone, y que aporte conocimientos que permitan analizar sus fundamentos psicosociales y posibles perfiles de uso. Objetivo: La creación de un cuestionario breve de adicción/uso problemático al Smartphone que permita investigar los diferentes perfiles psicosociales de uso. Método: Un meta análisis de la bibliografía permitió detectar los factores psicosociales validados empíricamente sobre los cuales existe mayor consenso. Posteriormente se realizaron tres grupos de discusión y cinco entrevistas en profundidad entre expertos y profesionales. Con estos datos se elaboró un cuestionario abreviado que fue cumplimentado por una muestra de jóvenes universitarios en dos ocasiones (test-retest). Resultados: El cuestionario obtuvo adecuados valores de Cronbach y test-retest en todos los ítems. El análisis factorial realizado permitió encontrar una estructura factorial de 4 factores de uso que fueron denominados: envolventes, socializados, virtualizados y estresados. Estas denominaciones, que remiten a los factores psicosociales presentes con mayor peso en cada factor, parecen indicar la existencia de diferentes patrones de uso problemático del móvil lo cual supone replantearse la adicción al Smartphone no como un único concepto y admitir la existencia de diferentes tipos de adicción. En un futuro se deberá explorar la existencia de factores y su vinculación a patrones de personalidad.

Physical Activity and Daily Routine among Children Aged 0–12 during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain

“…This use and/or abuse of digital screens has become one of the daily activities that appears in our study counteracted by PA [ 19 , 20 ]. The problem is that it can become an addiction or behavioural complication [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The use of screens [ 21 ], together with schoolwork [ 33 , 34 ], domestic occupations [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ] and reading habits [ 56 , 57 ], make up the usual tasks of children during lockdown.…”

“…Although the excessive use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by children is nothing new [ 21 ], the lockdown has compounded the effect in children and adults [ 22 ]. Since computer use and Internet access are practically universal, many researchers [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] have proposed prevention programmes and instruments to detect addictions and other behaviour problems. To improve the situation, a healthy mix of lifestyle behaviours in childhood involving less screen time, healthy eating patterns and balanced daily PA, is endorsed [ 32 ].…”

Influence of the characteristics of the house and place of residence in the daily educational activities of children during the period of COVID-19’ confinement

“…The overuse of some technological devices by the child and youth population ( Chamarro-Lusar et al., 2014 ; Cuesta-Cambra et al., 2020 ) has been aggravated during the period of restriction, constituting an educational problem for some families who had to promote greater education based on the search for strategies to promote collaboration in the environment family in daily household activities, in the promotion of physical or artistic activity or other activities necessary to promote a comprehensive education of the child. However, for some authors such as Matamala (2016) , the use of technological means at home can be considered informal learning; for Formichella and Alderete (2018) its use at home will have a positive impact on educational performance; or the benefits that technological means can have in people's daily lives as a source of information and aid in communication between people ( Garcés Jinés, 2012 ).…”

Scale for Measuring Phubbing in Peruvian University Students: Adaptation, Validation and Results of Its Application

“…Researchers have been looking into the psychological need to use a mobile phone since the last decade. The excessive of these types of devices has resulted in what is referred to as conflictive use and addictive dependence on mobile phones (Cambra, Díaz, Martínez, & González, 2020). The incorporation of a built-in Internet connection and many more apps into the so-called smartphones has made their use even more appealing (J.…”