Smartphone Camera-Based Optical Wireless Communication System: Requirements and Implementation Challenges

Abstract

Visible light and infrared bands of the optical spectrum used for optical camera communication (OCC) are becoming a promising technology nowadays. Researchers are proposing new OCC-based architectures and applications in both indoor and outdoor systems using the embedded cameras on smartphones, with a view to making them user-friendly. Smartphones have useful features for developing applications using the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor cameras, which can receive data from optical transmitters. However, several challenges have arisen in increasing the capacity and communication range, owing to the limitations of current cameras and implementation complexities. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the OCC technology requirements and opportunities using smartphone cameras from an implementation point of view. Furthermore, we demonstrate an OCC system using a low frame rate smartphone camera to particularly analyze the requirements and critical implementation challenges. Also, some possible solutions are provided with a view to improving the overall system capacity, communication distance, and stability.

Noise Resilient Outdoor Traffic Light Visible Light Communications System Based on Logarithmic Transimpedance Circuit: Experimental Demonstration of a 50 m Reliable Link in Direct Sun Exposure

“…In these circumstances, it is assumed that the indoor lighting system is used in VLC, and so perturbations from artificial lighting are not implicated. So, the high SNR indoor conditions enable the usage of the VLC technology in high data rate applications, coined today as Li-Fi technology [26,27], high precision indoor location [28][29][30], Internet of Things (IoT) services [31], location based informational systems [32], smartphone applications [33], and future 5G/6G technologies [26,34]. On the other hand, outdoor applications are affected by numerous sources of artificial light.…”

Deep Learning for Optical Vehicular Communication

“…Cameras or image sensor receiver systems can perform a number of tasks, including object tracking, data reception, distance measurement from pedestrians, and reading traffic signal statuses and LED signage. However, current low-speed cameras (with frame rates of up to 60 fps) limit the data rate to within the low bps to kbps range [6]- [8]. Undersamplingbased modulation schemes have been proposed to achieve higher data rates in OCC systems, but they also limit the communication range [9], [10].…”

Secured Key Distribution by Concatenating Optical Communications and Inter-Device Hand-Held Video Transmission

“…This new feature enhances the communication speed and may be used as an alternate or backup modulation in case the alternate modulation incurs a problem. A comprehensive analysis and implementation considerations of the optical camera communication (OCC) technology using smartphone cameras is detailed by Shahjalal et al [5]. Their research demonstrates an OCC system using a low frame rate smartphone camera to analyze the requirements and critical implementation challenges.…”

“…The optical communication technique called optical camera communications (OCC) is described in [5,6]. OCC allows the use of huge unregulated bandwidths in the optical domain spectrally located between microwave and X-ray wavelengths, as shown in Figure 1.…”