Smartphone-Based Electrochemiluminescence for Visual Simultaneous Detection of RASSF1A and SLC5A8 Tumor Suppressor Gene Methylation in Thyroid Cancer Patient Plasma

Abstract

Visual one-step simultaneous detection of low-abundance methylation is a crucial challenge in early cancer diagnosis in a simple manner. Through the design of a closed split bipolar electrochemistry system (BE), detection of promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes in papillary thyroid cancer, RASSF1A and SLC5A8, was achieved using electrochemiluminescence. For this purpose, electrochemiluminescence of luminol loaded into the Fe 3 O 4 @UiO-66 and gold nanorod-functionalized graphite-like carbon nitride nanosheet (AuNRs@C 3 N 4 NS), separately, on the anodic and cathodic pole bipolar electrodes (BPEs) in two different chambers of a bipolar cell were recorded on a smartphone camera. To provide the same electric potential (ΔE elec ) through the BPEs to conduct simultaneous light emission, as well as to achieve higher sensitivity, anodic and cathodic poles BPEs were separately connected to ruthenium nanoparticles electrodeposited on nitrogen-doped graphene-coated Cu foam (fCu/N-GN/RuNPs) to provide a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and polycatechol-modified reduced graphene oxide/pencil graphite electrode (PC-rGO/PGE) to provide electrooxidation of hydrazine. Moreover, taking advantages of the strong cathodic ECL activity due to the roles of AuNRs, as well as the high density of capture probes on the UiO-66 and Fe 3 O 4 roles in improving the signal-to-background ratio (S/B) in complicated plasma media, a sensitive visual ECL immunosensor was developed to detect two different genes as model target analytes in patient plasma samples. The ability of discrimination of methylation levels as low as 0.01% and above 90% clinical sensitivity in thyroid cancer patient plasma implies that the present strategy is able to diagnose cancer early, as well as monitor responses of patients to therapeutic agents.

Electrochemical Sandwich-Type Aptasensor Based on the Multifunctional Catechol-Loaded Au/MIL-53(Fe) for Detection of Cardiac Troponin I

“…The produced NH 2 -MIL-53(Fe) has an excellent crystal structure, as evidenced by the XRD pattern obtained from simulated matching pattern one, which coincides with our previously reported NH 2 -MIL-53(Fe). 36,44 Notably, the peaks at 5.7, 8.9, 10. 1B).…”

“…The powder XRD pattern of NH 2 -MIL-53­(Fe) was simulated using Crystal Diffract software and the crystallographic information file from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre [CCDC 690314 for the similar parent structure, MIL-53­(Fe)]. The produced NH 2 -MIL-53­(Fe) has an excellent crystal structure, as evidenced by the XRD pattern obtained from simulated matching pattern one, which coincides with our previously reported NH 2 -MIL-53­(Fe). , Notably, the peaks at 5.7, 8.9, 10.4, 18.6, 21.17, and 25.52° in the NH 2 -MIL-53­(Fe) sample closely corresponded to the standard peaks in the card library for Fe-MOFs, suggesting successful synthesis of NH 2 -MIL-53­(Fe). The cubic lattice of AuNPs was confirmed by the XRD pattern, which showed distinct peaks at 39.6 (111), 46.15 (200), 67.15 (220), and 79.01 (311) in the 2θ values (JCPDS no.…”

Potential diagnostic of lymph node metastasis and prognostic values of TM4SFs in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients

“…Abnormal DNA methylation plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of THCA ( Acuña-Ruiz et al, 2022 ; Birden et al, 2022 ; Khoshfetrat et al, 2022 ). Demethylation and hypomethylation are known to increase gene expression and, in turn, regulate tumor formation, development, and metastasis ( Kazi et al, 2015 ).…”

Smartphone-Based Multiplexed Biosensing Tools for Health Monitoring

“…Another sensor was proposed by Khoshfetrat et al for the simultaneous visual detection of thyroid cancer suppressor genes. Electrochemiluminescence signals were recorded on a smartphone camera with 90% sensitivity [ 29 ]. In another study, simultaneous identification of multiple bacteria was demonstrated based on a signal readout from a smartphone camera and a lateral flow assay (LFA) [ 30 ].…”