Smartphone Apps Using Photoplethysmography for Heart Rate Monitoring: Meta-Analysis

Ridder, Benjamin De; Rompaey, Bart Van; Kampen, Jarl K.; Haine, Steven; Dilles, Tinne

doi:10.2196/cardio.8802

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…Accuracy is often limited by anatomical factors including location, movement, skin colour and conductivity. Fingertip PPG is highly accurate, with meta‐analysis demonstrating a mean difference of 0.32 beats per minute (99% CI, − 1.25 to 0.60) compared with ECG . Smartphones are the most commonly used device to feature PPG; however, wrist‐worn devices also exist, such as smart watches and heart rate tracking devices.…”

Section: Devicesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Wearable technology is used in heart rate tracking, with high levels of accuracy in both smartphone and wrist‐based formats . Relevant clinical assessments are similar to conventional ambulatory ECG monitors and include measuring adequate rate control in atrial fibrillation (AF), and aiding the diagnosis of bradyarrhythmia or tachyarrhythmia.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Smartphones and wearable technology: benefits and concerns in cardiology

Jin

Adams

Cocco

et al. 2019

Medical Journal of Australia

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Section: Devicesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphones and wearable technology: benefits and concerns in cardiology

Jin

Adams

Cocco

et al. 2019

Medical Journal of Australia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Furthermore, the latest iteration of wearables now uses a hybrid system that prompts the user to acquire a single-lead ECG, when their HR deviates from a personalized R-R variability and physical activity template generated from their PPG data. These systems are likely to compete with conventional medical grade devices, given the ease with which biometric indices can be recorded [23].…”

Section: Monitoring Of Cardiac Function In the Era Of Wearable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Electrocardiography in Occupational Medicine, from Einthoven’s Invention to the Digital Era of Wearable Devices

Baldassarre

Mucci

Padovan

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Clinical-instrumental investigations, such as electrocardiography (ECG), represent a corollary of a procedures that, nowadays, is called upon as part of the principles of precision medicine. However when carrying out the professional routine examinations, most tend to ignore how a “simple” instrument can offer indispensable support in clinical practice, even in occupational medicine. The advent of the digital age, made of silicon and printed circuit boards, has allowed the miniaturization of the electronic components of these electro-medical devices. Finally, the adoption of patient wearables in medicine has been rapidly expanding worldwide for a number of years. This has been driven mainly by consumers’ demand to monitor their own health. With the ongoing research and development of new features capable of assessing and transmitting real-time biometric data, the impact of wearables on cardiovascular management has become inevitable. Despite the potential offered by this technology, as evident from the scientific literature, the application of these devices in the field of health and safety in the workplace is still limited. This may also be due to the lack of targeted scientific research. While offering great potential, it is very important to consider and evaluate ethical aspects related to the use of these smart devices, such as the management of the collected data relating to the physiological parameters and the location of the worker. This technology is to be considered as being aimed at monitoring the subject’s physiological parameters, and not at the diagnosis of any pathological condition, which should always be on charge of the medical specialist We conducted a review of the evolution of the role that electrophysiology plays as part of occupational health and safety management and on its possible future use, thanks to ongoing technological innovation.

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“…Therefore, the poor measuring quality caused by low frame rates is generally considered a potential challenge to the validity of using the smartphone PPG method. However, researchers have proposed various methods to improve the accuracy rate at low frame rates [33], and empirical studies have also indicated that smartphone PPG results are comparable to those obtained using gold standard ECGs [21,28,[37][38][39][40]. There seems to be conflicting suggestions and conclusions in the literature, and therefore, more empirical evidence is required to clarify this issue.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Robustness of Smartphone Photoplethysmography: A Signal Quality Index Approach

Liu

Peng

2020

Sensors

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Heart rate variability (HRV) provides essential health information such as the risks of heart attacks and mental disorders. However, inconvenience related to the accurate detection of HRV limits its potential applications. The ubiquitous use of smartphones makes them an excellent choice for regular and portable health monitoring. Following this trend, smartphone photoplethysmography (PPG) has recently garnered prominence; however, the lack of robustness has prevented both researchers and practitioners from embracing this technology. This study aimed to bridge the gap in the literature by developing a novel smartphone PPG quality index (SPQI) that can filter corrupted data. A total of 226 participants joined the study, and results from 1343 samples were used to validate the proposed sinusoidal function-based model. In both the correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analyses, the agreement between HRV measurements generated by both the smartphone PPG and the reference electrocardiogram improved when data were filtered through the SPQI. Our results support not only the proposed approach but also the general value of using smartphone PPG in HRV analysis.new approaches to make health information more accessible than before. Among these approaches, smartphone photoplethysmography (PPG) has gained prominence [21,22]; it is an optical method that uses sensors to monitor the microvascular blood volume changes in body tissues [23]. As hemoglobin absorbs more light than the surrounding tissue, an increase (systole) or decrease (diastole) in the amount of blood can be assessed by employing the differences in the intensities of the lights and the converted waveforms. Smartphone PPG detects heartbeats by recording videos of fingertips using the in-built camera [24,25].The primary motivation for using smartphone PPG, compared to other wearable devices, is that it requires minimal equipment. Given that smartphones with in-built cameras have become a part of modern life, using them to access health information is an ideal alternative when ECGs or similar medical devices are not available [26]. In addition, there have been several reported techniques for increasing the accuracy of smartphone PPG, such as point-of-interest selection [27], bandpass filtering [28], adaptive signal thresholding [29], motion detection techniques [30][31][32], interpolation techniques [33], and signal decomposition methods [34][35][36]. Bioengineering studies indicate that the average HR [37] and HRV measured using smartphone PPG are comparable with those measured using gold standard ECGs [21,28,[38][39][40].Although it is a promising solution for practical data collection and has an accuracy that has been well proved in several experiments, using smartphone PPG to measure HRV has received limited research attention in applied disciplines such as medicine or psychology [41]; a possible explanation is the lack of robustness in practical scenarios. When smartphone users measure their heartbeats outside a laboratory environment, slight hand movements or ...

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Smartphone Apps Using Photoplethysmography for Heart Rate Monitoring: Meta-Analysis

Cited by 60 publications

References 86 publications

Smartphones and wearable technology: benefits and concerns in cardiology

Smartphones and wearable technology: benefits and concerns in cardiology

The Role of Electrocardiography in Occupational Medicine, from Einthoven’s Invention to the Digital Era of Wearable Devices

Enhancing the Robustness of Smartphone Photoplethysmography: A Signal Quality Index Approach

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