Smart Wooden Home Enabled by Direct‐Written Laser‐Induced Graphene

Abstract

dishes, and containers. Developments in technology have led to the use of wood in more diverse ways, such as in paper, pulp, furniture, vehicles, construction, and fuel. [1,2] Today, wood remains a desirable material because of its various advantages. First, because 30% of the earth's land surface is covered by forests, [3] wood is a naturally abundant material. Second, wood is biocompatible, biodegradable, sustainable, renewable, recyclable, and environment friendly owing to its carbon-positive character. Third, wood provides high mechanical strength with lightweight porous internal structures. [4] Various studies have been conducted over the last few decades in line with growing interest in green technologies to protect the earth. A series of wood-treatment studies have been conducted to promote the efficient use of this material. For example, densified wood (up to 80% reduction in thickness) can be formed by chemical treatment and postpressing. [2] Cationic wood membranes can be fabricated via etherification and post-densification to achieve ionic selectivity in nanofluidic device applications. [5] Ultra-thin (micrometer scale) wood can be produced by delignification and densification to realize wood speakers. [6] Wood blocks for filtration can be manufactured via carbonization and CO 2 activation. [7] Cellulose nanofibers for wearable applications can be derived from natural wood [8] by cutting the wood into films, delignifying the films, cutting the films into strip form, and, finally, twisting the strips to obtain wood-textile fibers. In addition, a series of technologies that introduce conductive materials onto cellulose-based materials extracted from wood have been recently developed. [9] For example, the electrodes were directly printed onto cellulose nanofibers and papers, [10] written as a form of conductive metallic ink through a pen [11] or with graphite lead, [12] coated electrodes through physical vapor deposition [13] or chemical vapor deposition. [14] These lignocellulosic-material-based green electronics can sufficiently reduce the emission rate of electronic waste, as the electronics market rapidly grows and develops. [15] Wood has been used as a building construction material for thousands of years. As the years progressed, wood was gradually replaced with bricks, steel, and concrete to construct noncombustible skyscrapers. [16] In the 1990s, however, issues Wood is a naturally abundant, renewable, recyclable, biodegradable, and environment-friendly construction material. Smart homes capable of remote monitoring and light, climate, and appliance control require a large number of electrical sensors and interconnections, which are challenging to implement in wood. Although conductive Laser-induced-graphene (LIG) formation on lignocellulosic materials has been lately reported, the introduction of LIG electrodes to smart wooden home applications has not been addressed to date. Herein, the direct patterning of LIG on natural wood in atmospheric air to form key electrical components that can support...

Stabilize Sodium Metal Anode by Integrated Patterning of Laser‐Induced Graphene with Regulated Na Deposition Behavior

“…Further, the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image reveals the lattice spacing of LIG is 0.34 nm (Figure S3d, Supporting Information), which is in good agreement with the results reported in previous literatures. [44,45] While the HRTEM of Sn@LIG sample also exhibits the distinct lattice fringe of 0.291 nm, corresponding to the (200) lattice plane of Sn NPs (Figure 2h). [25,46] Besides, It can be observed that the Sn nanoparticles are evenly coated by graphene carbon layers, which can effectively avoid oxidation and inhibit the volume expansion and separation of sodiophilic sites during cycling.…”

Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Flexible Electronic Devices: A Mini Review

“…These results highlight the potential applications of self-powered triboelectric pressure sensors for health monitoring and human machine interaction. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have focused on the application of press/stress sensors [123,124], gas sensors [125][126][127], temperature sensors [128,129], etc. These studies focus on utilizing femtosecond laser processing to enhance the performance of a single sensor in terms of sensing sensitivity, application range, and long-term stability.…”

Laser‐induced graphene formation on recycled woods for green smart furniture

“…30 For higher productivity and higher precursor-to-LIG conversion ratio in ambient air, the ultrashort femtosecond pulse lasers have been introduced, so as to create LIG on trees and leaves in non-thermal manner with minimal ablation. 31,32 Due to their ultra-short pulse duration in the time domain, femtosecond lasers excel at minimizing heat diffusion, leading to a substantial enhancement in the spatial resolution of graphene electrodes. Furthermore, the high repetition rate of pulses can facilitate precise heat accumulation and efficiently transform carbon precursors into highquality graphene with exceptional electrical conductivity.…”

“…Given wood's susceptibility to combustion, various strategies such as defocusing and multi‐lasing techniques, 29 or generating LIG within a nitrogen environment to quell oxygen‐induced combustion 30 . For higher productivity and higher precursor‐to‐LIG conversion ratio in ambient air, the ultrashort femtosecond pulse lasers have been introduced, so as to create LIG on trees and leaves in non‐thermal manner with minimal ablation 31,32 . Due to their ultra‐short pulse duration in the time domain, femtosecond lasers excel at minimizing heat diffusion, leading to a substantial enhancement in the spatial resolution of graphene electrodes.…”