Smart Window Based on Temperature-Responsive Starch Hydrogel with a Dynamic Regulation Mode

Abstract

The development of a green and environmentally friendly window system is always the upmost target among other requirements for modern buildings. Here, a smart window with a dynamic regulation mode was fabricated by integrating a functional layer of natural polymer thermoresponse starch (TRS) and a joule heating film (JHF) of highly transparent silver nanowires (AgNWs)/cellulose. With cellulose, the mismatch of refractive index between air and AgNWs was significantly overcame, resulting in a JHF with high visible transmittance. The excellent joule heating performance of the JHF endowed the smart window system with a dynamic regulation mode driven by a low input of voltage (5.0 V) and increased energy efficiency. This smart window displayed excellent solar modulation property of 17.9% with high average luminous transmittance of 57.8%, representing a remarkable pavement for a new type of smart window.

Recent Advances in Thermoregulatory Clothing: Materials, Mechanisms, and Perspectives

“…It has been reported that metal-decorated conventional textiles reflect IR energy back to, rather than away from, the body for personal heating . Cooling clothing necessitates directing as much IR radiation away from the body as possible using transparent PE materials . As of now, contradictory IR radiation management requirements for heating and cooling have hampered the ability of textiles to manage heat.…”

“…By passively modulating thermal radiation dissipation, it has been demonstrated that manufactured textiles with IR characteristics can successfully cool and warm the human body. ,,, However, it is challenging to regulate the visible color of textiles while concurrently performing effective IR management. , As the color combination is one of the prominent factors of the apparel industry, this is a key obstacle to the practical deployment of IR-tailored textiles. , Cai et al illustrated a strategy where inorganic NPs were considered as candidates for highly scalable, brightly colored, IR-transparent fabrics, as shown in Figure a. The inorganic nanomaterials (e.g., Prussian blue (PB), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), and silicon (Si)) served as pigments (Figure b), while PE acted as a polymer matrix to evenly blend these two components, which could subsequently be extruded into knitted interlaced fabrics .…”

“…121 Cooling clothing necessitates directing as much IR radiation away from the body as possible using transparent PE materials. 130 As of now, contradictory IR radiation management requirements for heating and cooling have hampered the ability of textiles to manage heat. The production of a single clothing with both heating and cooling performances remains a major challenge.…”

Green flexible electronics based on starch

“…The wound condition diagnosis and management might be realized due to the conductivity of the hydrogel considering the wound condition can be transferred into electrical outputs. In addition, the application of starch-based gels in smart window was also explored 148 . Wang et al prepared smart window using thermosensitive starch gel as active layer, which shown an excellent solar modulation property of 17.9% and average light transmittance of 57.8%.…”

Dual-functional NIR/UV-shielding poly(lactic acid) nanocomposite films through CWO@PDA core–shell nanoparticles

“…According to different wavelengths, the solar light is chiefly of three types, including ultraviolet (UV, 200-400 nm), visible (400-780 mm), and near infrared (NIR, 780-2500 nm) light. 6,7 The energy coming from the sunlight is main in the NIR range. It has been reported that every year about 43% of the global energy had been spent on heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning.…”