Smart Skin‐Adhesive Patches: From Design to Biomedical Applications

Abstract

With the advancement of medical and digital technologies, smart skin adhesive patches have emerged as a key player for complex medical purposes. In particular, skin adhesive patches with integrated electronics have created an excellent platform for monitoring health conditions and intelligent medication. However, the efficient design of the adhesive patches is still challenging as it requires a strong combination of network structure, adhesion, physical properties, and biocompatibility. To design an assimilated device, one must have a deep knowledge of various skin adhesive patches. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in skin-adhesive patches, including hydrogel-based adhesive patches, transdermal patches, and electronic skin (E-skin) patches, for various biomedical applications such as wound healing, drug delivery, biosensing, and health monitoring. Furthermore, the key challenges, implementable strategies, and future designs that can potentially provide researchers in designing innovative multipurpose smart skin patches are discussed. These advanced approaches are promising for managing the health and fitness of patients who require regular medical care.

Memristor‐Based Bionic Tactile Devices: Opening the Door for Next‐Generation Artificial Intelligence

“…[24,98,102,[122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][143][144][145] With the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing and human-computer interaction, there is great potential for the industrial applica-tion of memristor-based biomimetic tactile devices. [68,[146][147][148][149] For human-computer interaction, these devices can assist robots in undertaking challenging, dangerous, and high-precision tasks, thereby improving industrial production efficiency and reducing labor costs. [68,146] Moreover, they can find applications in smart gloves, smart medical care, and other fields to achieve delicate sensing and manipulation of human tissues by medical devices, assisting humans to complete more refined operations.…”

“…[68,146] Moreover, they can find applications in smart gloves, smart medical care, and other fields to achieve delicate sensing and manipulation of human tissues by medical devices, assisting humans to complete more refined operations. [147][148][149][150] Figure 15 provides a material categorization and future prospects for memristor-based biomimetic tactile devices, depicting the diverse range of materials used in their development and highlighting potential directions for future research and applications.…”

Flexible and Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Health Conditions

“…Other biomarkers such as glucose, thiocyanate, H2S gas, and N-epsilon (carboxymethyl) lysine also can be detected using the same technology [122][123][124][125]. Various forms of wearable sensors have been designed to achieve real-time monitoring purposes such as patch type, fabric type, and tattoo type [126][127][128][129]. The application forms still need further investigation for practical use, which should consider stability, accuracy, and power supply.…”

Oxygen-Tolerant Fabrication of Large-Area Hydrogel Films via Photoinduced Electron/Energy Transfer-Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

“…Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks formed by physical or chemical cross-linking of hydrophilic polymers. Soft hydrogel-based materials are of interest owing to their high water-retaining structure, soft modulus, good mechanical stability, and biocompatibility. − In addition to the characteristic physicochemical properties, hydrogels may possess numerous functionalities, including stimulus responsiveness, − good adhesion, , self-healing, and electrical conductivity, − which are promising for applications in tissue engineering, actuators, biosensors, and soft electronics. In addition to the utilization of hydrogels in the bulk form, micrometer-scale hydrogel films have recently gained attention for applications in solar control, − wearable electronics, − and biomedicine, , owing to their large surface area, conformality on the skin, and rapid response.…”