Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications

Role of Fluid Dynamics in Infectious Disease Transmission: Insights from COVID-19 and Other Pathogens

“…The detection of viral particles in air vents aligns with the multiphase turbulent gas cloud emission model [135]. This model posits that droplets become trapped within a gas cloud, enabling them to travel a considerable distance from the patient before being carried by ambient airflows at a slow speed of a few centimetres per second over the course of hours or even days [136]. Although it is difficult to definitively prove this hypothesis, especially during the ongoing pandemic, the precautionary principle outlined in the SARS Commission's 2007 report recommends that healthcare workers should be equipped with superior personal protective equipment, specifically N95 respirators, which were in short supply during the initial stages of the pandemic in the Western hemisphere [137].…”

Versatile MXenes as electrochemical sensors for heavy metal ions and phenolic moiety-containing industrial chemicals: recent development and prospects

“…17 Voltammetric sensors detect the change in current as a function of applied potential to the working electrode, while few electrochemical sensors rely on potentiometric detection (detect the change in surface potential) or impedance spectroscopy (modulation of impedance as a function of applied frequency). 18 Voltammetric sensors rely on various techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), staircase voltammetry (SCV), pulse voltammetry {normal pulse voltammetry (NPV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)}, stripping voltammetry {anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) and adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV)}, amperometry (AMP), square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWASV) and rotating disk voltammetry, among others. DPV, SWV, and stripping techniques are much more sensitive than CV as their sampling method minimizes the non-faradaic (charging) current.…”

“…A survey of the literature revealed that EC sensors were increasingly built using 2D materials that included graphene-based materials, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), black phosphorous (BP), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), metal-oxides (MO), metalorganic frameworks (MOFs), 2D carbides and nitrides of transition metals (MXenes). 18,24,28,[32][33][34][35][36] Their unique physicochemical properties are to be exploited and employed in fabricating EC sensors for enhanced selectivity and sensitivity. Modern EC sensors utilize various features to determine the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of day-to-day life.…”