Smart Metal–Organic Frameworks for Biotechnological Applications: A Mini-Review

Abstract

In this pandemic situation it is evident that viruses and bacteria, more specifically, multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, endanger human civilization severely. It is high time to design smart weapons to combat these pathogens for the prevention and cure of allied ailments. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials designed from metal ions or inorganic clusters and multidentate organic ligands. Due to some unique features like high porosity, tunable pore shape and size, numerous possible metal-ligand combinations, etc., MOFs are ideal candidates to design “smart biotechnological tools”. MOFs construct promising fluorescence based biosensing platforms for detection of viruses. MOFs also exhibit excellent antibacterial activity due to their ability for sustained release of active biocidal agents. There are several reviews that summarize the antibacterial applications of MOFs, but the biosensing platforms based on MOFs for detection of viruses have scarcely been summarized. This review carefully covers both the aspects including virus detection (nucleic acid recognition and immunological detection) with underlying mechanisms as well as antibacterial application of MOFs and doped MOFs or composites. This review will deliver valuable information and references for designing new, smarter antimicrobial agents based on MOFs.

Synthesis of an IRMOF-1@SiO2 Core–Shell and Amino-Functionalization with APTES for the Adsorption of Urea and Creatinine Using a Fixed-Bed Column Study

“…In this case, the usage of adsorbents is one of the potential options for resolving this problem. ,− Nanoporous biomaterials, including MOFs or porous coordination polymers (PCPs), have a considerable performance in this field . The structure of MOFs is a link of metal ions and organic linkers by coordination bonds, which could construct a high surface area and a wide range of different pore sizes in various structures. − Elasticity, three-dimensional structure, a large surface area, pore size, and surface polarity variability are the characteristics that are strongly associated with the best choice of organic ligand/metal ion combinations. − The main reason that MOFs have attracted attention is doubtlessly the various applications of this material in different fields of study, including gas storage and separation, surface adsorption, ion exchange, sensors, drug delivery, catalysis, optical and magnetic material, and chromatography. − Among MOF materials, IRMOF-1 is the most studied because of its great capacity for organic material adsorption as a metal–organic framework. Furthermore, it is famous for its excellent strength, fluidity properties, extreme porosity and well-ordered construction, great thermal stability, and flexibility in chemical functional groups. , These characteristics stem from the construction of IRMOF-1, which includes a large and inflexible secondary building unit, as well as benzene links, and results in exceptionally high porosity and thermal stability.…”

Synergistic combination: Promising nanoplatform W‐POM NCs@ HKUST‐1 for photothermal and chemodynamic reinforced anti‐tumor therapy

“…[18] MOFs are a new type of material with a porous and tunable structure. [19] In recent years, they have been widely used to catalyze the cracking of water, [20,21] reduction of carbon dioxide, [22] and also been used as carriers for drugs. [23] Researchers found that the Fenton reaction catalyzed by Fe 2+ has a high pH dependence and it exerts excellent effects under acidic conditions.…”

Photoresponsive Metal-Organic Frameworks as Adjustable Scaffolds in Reticular Chemistry

“…The development of organic ligands having a higher structural complexity is one of the main directions in order to prepare MOFs showing advanced functionalities [31][32][33][34]. Thus, the incorporation of stimuli-responsive scaffolds inside a MOF matrix turned out to be an ideal strategy within reticular chemistry [35][36][37][38], allowing to prepare smart materials [39,40]. The application of an external stimulus induces changes in the organic ligands, leading to modifications of certain properties of the metal-organic material, such as porosity [41,42].…”