“…Although student reception to icebreakers and opening activities are mixed, both students and instructors agree on the importance of a first-class period and starting class off on the right foot (Johnson, 2012; Perlman & McCann, 1999; Zulkifli & Idris, 2021). An effective icebreaker can build camaraderie within a class that can enhance discussions and student engagement (Moon et al, 2013; Sciutto, 1995). Icebreakers differ dramatically in their scope and content—some involve sharing personal or superficial details about oneself (e.g., hobbies, deep thoughts, and likes/dislikes); some involve generating thoughts (e.g., brainstorming funny situations); yet others involve cooperative teambuilding (e.g., completing a shared task; Meyers, 1997).…”