Smart Grid Standards

Sato, Toru; Kammen, Daniel M.; Duan, Bin; Macuha, Martin; Zhou, Zhenyu; Wu, Jun; Tariq, Muhammad; Asfaw, Solomon

doi:10.1002/9781118653722

Cited by 51 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This is how a basic electrical ESS works . The reliability of the grid can be enhanced by exploiting ESS, and it can enable the efficient use of baseload power by utilizing cheap power during off‐peak hours and producing power and helping the base load plants to meet the high load demand in peak hours …”

Section: Classification Of Esssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of energy storage and transportation of energy

et al. 2019

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Energy storage and transportation are essential keys to make sure the continuity of energy to the customer. Electric power generation is changing dramatically across the world due to the environmental effects of Greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by fossil fuels. The unpredictable daily and seasonal variations in demand for electrical energy can be tackled by introducing the energy storage systems (ESSs) and hence mitigating the extra GHG emission in the atmosphere. Energy storage techniques can be mechanical, electro‐chemical, chemical, or thermal, and so on. The most popular form of energy storage is hydraulic power plants by using pumped storage and in the form of stored fuel for thermal power plants. The classification of ESSs, their current status, flaws and present trends, are presented in this article. The present state of fossil fuel reserves, their production, consumption, and as a consequence of these the CO2 emissions are also discussed. The primary energy carriers coal, oil and gas are not evenly distributed along the globe. Long distances are involved in transporting these energy carriers and transportation and delivery of these key resources to the prime customers is always necessary. The different methods to transport the energy from the source end to demand end is also discussed in this article. The assessment of various energy storage methods on the basis of several factors and present status and development of storage and transportation of energy in Pakistan is discussed.

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Section: Classification Of Esssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of energy storage and transportation of energy

et al. 2019

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“…Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service / High-Speed Packet Access (UMTS/HSPA) and Global System for Mobile Communications / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (GSM/EDGE) technologies are the foundations of Long Term Evolution (LTE) [8], [9]. Due to the use of a new radio interface and other enhancements to the core network, LTE improves the capacity and speed of wireless mobile communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency In Optical-Wireless Access Network Using Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

Asafa,

Lasisi,

Olawumi

et al. 2023

JEST

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High capacity networks are needed for enormous quantity of internet traffic, which is driven by both the exponential growth of the number of people using the internet and the ongoing introduction of new high-bandwidth requiring applications. Combining optical and wireless technologies is a new and promising access network solution. The energy efficiency of telecommunication networks is therefore attracting increasing attention today than in the past. This study is aimed at evaluating energy efficiency of optical-wireless access network which combines Passive Optical Network (PON) and Long Term Evolution - Advanced (LTE-A) networks into one. The network was designed using Optimum Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) modeler software. Traffic was generated using inbuilt tools provided in the OPNET modeler software. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithm was applied on the network and simulation was carried out using the simulation tool provided by OPNET to evaluate the effect of the DBA algorithm on the energy consumption and efficiency in the network. The findings showed energy utilization of 430 watt-second when DBA algorithm was applied on the access network as against 700 watt-second when it was not activated. This shows a 38.6% energy conservation. It was concluded that with the application of energy saving techniques to combined optical-wireless access network, substantial energy could be conserved even in the presence of heavy traffic without compromising the quality of service of the access network.

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“…Now, in order to increase the infrastructure in terms of the power of the countries, the centralized grids, which are conventional ones, are transformed into smart grids. A smart grid (SG) is a grid that includes advanced sensing, communication, security, and control technologies that can deliver a more reliable, efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective supply of electricity [2]. SGs rely on clusters of RERs to produce cheaper electricity and to satisfy Such complex systems are undergoing scalability issues because of network complexity and overcrowding of transmission, and therefore, they would like fast, analytical coordination and management systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimal Control Approach for Enhancing Transients Stability and Resilience in Super Smart Grids

et al. 2022

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Super smart grids (SSGs) are a wide area transmission network that mainly uses renewable energy resources (RERs), contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions and supporting the power infrastructure of multiple countries. The SSGs comprise two-way communication between the loads and sources of different countries, and these loads can be mostly served with numerous types of RERs tied with the grids. The RERs will play a pivotal role in the development of future grids and the generation of electricity. However, the main challenge to tackle in these RERs is that they are intermittent in nature. Due to intermittency in these RERs, transient stability issues have become one of the critical research challenges in SSGs. These stability issues are escalated and become more difficult to handle if a network is vulnerable to an arising of different kinds of faults. To address these problems, multiple approaches to enhance transient stability already exist in the current literature. After reviewing the literature, flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices proved more promising in improving transient stability. Among FACTSdevices, UPFC is a versatile FACTS device, which provides complete stability to power system networks in the form of series and shunt compensations. Considering this scenario, a hypothetical network for SSGs is designed in this research work based on the interconnection between two countries, i.e., Denmark and Norway, to address the transient stability issues in SSGs. The complete probabilistic model of the system is also designed to enhance the stability of the system. The results clearly showed that the insertion of UPFC is an effective technique to enhance the transient stability and resilience of the power system networks as compared to other purposed techniques in the literature. The main contribution of this paper is that extensive simulation studies employing accurate RERs models are used to analyze and investigate various problems arising due to the integration of many clusters of RERs in SSGs.

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Smart Grid Standards

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Review of energy storage and transportation of energy

Review of energy storage and transportation of energy

Energy Efficiency In Optical-Wireless Access Network Using Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

An Optimal Control Approach for Enhancing Transients Stability and Resilience in Super Smart Grids

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