Smart contracts

Filippi, Primavera De; Wray, Chris; Sileno, Giovanni

doi:10.14763/2021.2.1549

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…One of the novel features of blockchains is to use smart contracts to eliminate ex-post manipulation of the terms of contracts. This is because all provisions are coded into the contract, with execution triggered by real-world data that cannot be manipulated by the contracting parties (De Filippi et al, 2021). In this regard, blockchains promise complete contracting, especially with reference to permissioned (or private) blockchains (Alston et al, 2021).…”

Section: Blockchain As a Polycentric Enterprisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oracles are software interfaces trusted by contracting parties to translate real-world data into a form that can be used to determine whether blockchain's conditions are satisfied and are often needed to translate those events into the blockchain (Poblet et al, 2020). In addition, while smart contracts are selfexecuting, disputes over smart contracts still are resolved by fleshand-blood lawyers in the context of traditional courts of law (De Filippi et al, 2021). Further evidence of blockchain's polycentric features is found by examining the evolution of law with these new kinds of ledgers.…”

Section: Blockchain As a Polycentric Enterprisementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Government by Code? Blockchain Applications to Public Sector Governance

et al. 2022

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Studies of blockchain governance can be divided into analyses of the governance of blockchains (such as rules and power dynamics within a given network) and governance by blockchains (such as how blockchains can be implemented to improve self-governance of community-based peer production networks). Less emphasis has been placed on applications of distributed ledgers to public sector governance. Our review clarifies that the decentralization and distributive features that enable blockchains to link up loosely connected private organizations and public agencies to improve efficiency and transparency of government transactions. However, most blockchain applications lack clear advantages over the conventional digital recording of information. In addition, our review highlights that blockchain applications in public sector governance are potentially vast, though in most instances, the existing applications have not extended much beyond limited-scale pilots. We conclude with a call for the construction of indexes of public sector implementations of blockchains, as none yet exist, as well as for additional research to understand why governments have not deployed blockchains more widely.

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Section: Blockchain As a Polycentric Enterprisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blockchain As a Polycentric Enterprisementioning

confidence: 99%

Government by Code? Blockchain Applications to Public Sector Governance

et al. 2022

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“…This artwork is stored on a computer as a file, therefore it can be endlessly copied. Programmable blockchains like Ethereum allow anyone to record transactions resulting from the interaction with a piece of code, called a "smart contract" (De Filippi et al, 2021). By interacting with a suitable smart contract (e.g., via an NFT marketplace such as SuperRare or OpenSea, or by creating their own smart contract), the artist can generate a unique certificate for their artwork.…”

Section: Non-fungible Tokens and The Artsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seller-buyer networks in NFT art are driven by preferential ties

Colavizza

2023

Front. Blockchain

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Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have recently surged to mainstream attention by allowing the exchange of digital assets via blockchains. NFTs have also been adopted by artists to sell digital art. One of the promises of NFTs is broadening participation to the art market, a traditionally closed and opaque system, to sustain a wider and more diverse set of artists and collectors. A key sign of this effect would be the disappearance or at least reduction in importance of seller-buyer preferential ties, whereby the success of an artist is strongly dependent on the patronage of a single collector. We investigate NFT art seller-buyer networks considering several galleries and a large set of nearly 40,000 sales for over 230 M USD in total volume. We find that NFT art is a highly concentrated market driven by few successful sellers and even fewer systematic buyers. High concentration is present in both the number of sales and, even more strongly, in their priced volume. Furthermore, we show that, while a broader-participation market was present in the early phase of NFT art adoption, preferential ties have dominated during market growth, peak and recent decline. We consistently find that the top buyer accounts on average for over 80% of buys for a given seller. Similar trends apply to buyers and their top seller. We conclude that NFT art constitutes, at the present, a highly concentrated market driven by preferential seller-buyer ties.

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“…A smart contract is a code deployed in a DLT environment or the source code from which such code was compiled [11]. This code is executed deterministically by different participants in the DLT, who receive the same inputs and then perform a computation that leads to the same outputs.…”

Section: A Distributed Ledger Technology (Dlt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Health Data Distribution: A DLT-based Architecture for Data Protection

Bigini

Zichichi²,

Lattanzi

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)

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The management, protection and sharing of sensitive data such as those associated with the health domain are crucial in enabling personal care and contributing to worldwide medical advancements. Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) allow for data protection compliant solutions in untrusted contexts that guarantee data immutability, protection and transparency when needed. This paper proposes an architecture based on DLTs, Smart Contracts and Distributed File Storage (DFS), enabling user data sovereignty, confidentiality and secure access control. A use case on health data is presented, where we apply a combination of DLT, DFS and an access control mechanism to allow users to distribute their data. Finally, we show an experimental evaluation of the overall architecture to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing practical DLT-based healthcare solutions. The results are collected through independent tests, available opensource, that verify the system's response time in each of its functions and as the load increases. The results are promising and show that the system is feasible and can scale as the load increases.

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Smart contracts

Abstract: A smart contract is code deployed in a blockchain environment, or the source code from which such code was compiled. Issue 2This article belongs to the Glossary of decentralised technosocial systems, a special section of Internet Policy Review.

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Government by Code? Blockchain Applications to Public Sector Governance

Government by Code? Blockchain Applications to Public Sector Governance

Seller-buyer networks in NFT art are driven by preferential ties

Decentralized Health Data Distribution: A DLT-based Architecture for Data Protection

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