Smart Chemical Sensor and Biosensor Networks for Healthcare 4.0

Abstract

Driven by technological advances from Industry 4.0, Healthcare 4.0 synthesizes medical sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), big data, the Internet of things (IoT), machine learning, and augmented reality (AR) to transform the healthcare sector. Healthcare 4.0 creates a smart health network by connecting patients, medical devices, hospitals, clinics, medical suppliers, and other healthcare-related components. Body chemical sensor and biosensor networks (BSNs) provide the necessary platform for Healthcare 4.0 to collect various medical data from patients. BSN is the foundation of Healthcare 4.0 in raw data detection and information collecting. This paper proposes a BSN architecture with chemical sensors and biosensors to detect and communicate physiological measurements of human bodies. These measurement data help healthcare professionals to monitor patient vital signs and other medical conditions. The collected data facilitates disease diagnosis and injury detection at an early stage. Our work further formulates the problem of sensor deployment in BSNs as a mathematical model. This model includes parameter and constraint sets to describe patient body characteristics, BSN sensor features, as well as biomedical readout requirements. The proposed model’s performance is evaluated by multiple sets of simulations on different parts of the human body. Simulations are designed to represent typical BSN applications in Healthcare 4.0. Simulation results demonstrate the impact of various biofactors and measurement time on sensor selections and readout performance.

The Application of Internet of Things in Healthcare Systems with a Focus on Advantages and Challenges: A Scoping Review

“…In the near future, they are expected to be supplemented with microand nano-chemical sensors that will enable the provision of continuous medical diagnostics. These miniature smart sensors will be able to detect additional chemical signatures (e.g., in breath and sweat), which may lead to medical monitoring, such as diabetics, other metabolic diseases, skin diseases, and the pharmacokinetics of drugs (68,69).…”

Internet of Medical Things and Healthcare 4.0: Trends, Requirements, Challenges, and Research Directions

“…This section introduces the main available wireless medical sensors deployed for WBANs, IoMT, and Healthcare 4.0. A plurality of available medical sensors is used to monitor patients' vitals in real-time and measure a wide range of biological variables [31]. These sensors can be categorized as follows [31][32][33].…”

“…A plurality of available medical sensors is used to monitor patients' vitals in real-time and measure a wide range of biological variables [31]. These sensors can be categorized as follows [31][32][33].…”