The Application of Internet of Things in Healthcare Systems with a Focus on Advantages and Challenges: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: The internet of things (IoT) has become a heterogeneous and exceedingly disseminated structure that can react to the everyday needs of individuals and distinctive organizations. The present study aimed to investigate the application of the IoT in healthcare systems, with a focus on its strengths and challenges. Methods: Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, SID, and Magiran, were searched for this review study. In addition, a review of the gray literature was undertaken to identify relevant studies in English on the current subject. The titles, abstracts, and full texts were independently screened based on PRISMA guidelines for the scoping literature. General information containing the author(s) name, year of publication, the aim of the study, and specific information, including technologies used in IoT, the medical field, the application of IoT in health, limitations, and strengths, were extracted and analyzed. Results: Forty-four papers were qualified and contained in the process to 2023. Different studies have mentioned the opportunities for different forms of IoT applications, such as remote consultation, health monitoring and care, medication management, quick diagnosis, and effective treatment. In addition, studies have addressed the challenges in different forms, such as remembering everyday events, fitness, remote rehabilitation, management of chronic diseases, E-Visit, and better management of daily activities. Conclusion: The challenges and the benefits were classified into nine and ten main groups, respectively. Each of these challenges and benefits, which include smaller and more current elements, can help health policymakers apply the IoT and use its benefits.