Smaller kidney size at birth in South Asians: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study

Roderick, Paul; Jeffrey, Robin F.; Yuen, Ho Ming; Godfrey, Keith M.; West, Jane; Wright, John

doi:10.1093/ndt/gfv274

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…When exploring the concept of adult diseases that have their roots in childhood, we discovered that South Asian adults are at high risk for premature severe CKD [ 3 , 4 ] and harbor a greater propensity to third trimester growth restriction, which has an impact on the developing kidney leading to reduced kidney volume [ 1 ]. Maternal nutrition, including vitamin A status, could influence nephrogenesis and renal volume in the newborn [ 5 ].…”

Section: Pediatric Ckd: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of increasing global morbidity and mortality that constitutes a major public health priority worldwide. Globally, the number of CKD stage G5 patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) is estimated to be >1.4 million, with an annual growth rate of 8% [ 1 ]. The burden is very high in developing countries of South Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic kidney disease hotspots in developing countries in South Asia

Abraham

Varughese

Thandavan³

et al. 2015

Clin Kidney J

134

108

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In many developing countries in the South Asian region, screening for chronic diseases in the community has shown a widely varying prevalence. However, certain geographical regions have shown a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology. This predominantly affects the young and middle-aged population with a lower socioeconomic status. Here, we describe the hotspots of CKD of undiagnosed etiology in South Asian countries including the North, Central and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka and the coastal region of the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Screening of these populations has revealed cases of CKD in various stages. Race has also been shown to be a factor, with a much lower prevalence of CKD in whites compared to Asians, which could be related to the known influence of ethnicity on CKD development as well as environmental factors. The difference between developed and developing nations is most stark in the realm of healthcare, which translates into CKD hotspots in many regions of South Asian countries. Additionally, the burden of CKD stage G5 remains unknown due to the lack of registry reports, poor access to healthcare and lack of an organized chronic disease management program. The population receiving various forms of renal replacement therapy has dramatically increased in the last decade due to better access to point of care, despite the disproportionate increase in nephrology manpower. In this article we will discuss the nephrology care provided in various countries in South Asia, including India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan.

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Section: Pediatric Ckd: Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic kidney disease hotspots in developing countries in South Asia

Abraham

Varughese

Thandavan³

et al. 2015

Clin Kidney J

134

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Globally, patients living with stage V chronic kidney disease (CKD) and receiving renal replacement therapy is estimated to be over 1.4 million and this is increasing by 8% annually. 1 Chronic kidney disease is found to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, premature deaths and decreased quality of life resulting from systemic complications 2 and respiratory complications are found to be commonly associated in these patients. 3 The patho-physiological explanation of respiratory complications is the result of alteration in volume status in Chronic kidney disease patients, altered immune doi: 10.31729/jnma.3644 CC BY doi: 10.31729/jnma.4284 CC BY status and concomitant heart failure although the exact mechanism is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Respiratory Manifestations in Chronic Kidney Diseases; A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal

2019

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Introduction: Chronic kidney diseases affect patients with multiple respiratory complications by varied etiopathogenesis adversely affecting the outcome in them. The aim of the study is to find out the respiratory manifestations among patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from January 2019 to March 2019 after ethical approval. One hundred and two patients with established chronic kidney diseases being treated in a tertiary hospital for a month were included for the study. Clinical evaluation and relevant investigations; chest x ray, pleural fluid analysis, sputum analysis, echocardiography, biochemical investigations and hematological investigations were done to assess the respiratory manifestations of the patients. Results: Pulmonary edema 41 (24.84%) was the most common manifestation followed by pleural effusion 18 (10.9%). Pleural effusions were predominantly bilateral and transudative type. Pneumonia 17 (10.3%) was predominantly lobar pneumonia. Sixteen (9.7%) of the patients were screened positive for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pulmonary tuberculosis was present in 9 (5.45%) patients. Conclusions: Varieties of respiratory complications can present in varied spectrum in patients with chronic kidney diseases and this carries adverse outcome to patient management as well as affects the quality of life of the patient and their family.

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“…There is data on LBW neonates, achieving similar glomerular filtration rates(GFR) compared to normal weight neonates despite 25 % smaller kidney volumes in the first week of life [ 17 ]. South Asian babies seem to have smaller kidneys compared to British babies even after adjusting to confounding factors influencing birth weight [ 18 ]. However, there is scanty information on the relationship between kidney function and kidney volume in LBW infants from birth to late infancy, which is the crucial and dynamic phase of renal functional maturity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are low birth weight neonates at risk for suboptimal renal growth and function during infancy?

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTo assess the renal growth and function of neonates during infancy in relation to birth weight and gestational age.MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in South India from June 2010 to August 2014. Low birth weight neonates (LBW) were further sub-classified based on gestational age and compared with normal birth weight (NBW) full term neonates at birth, 6 months and 18-24months of age. The renal volume was measured by ultrasound and renal function by Cystatin C- derived glomerular filtration rate (CysGFR) at the three time points during the dynamic phase of renal maturation in infancy.ResultsWe recruited 100 LBW and 66 NBW term neonates. Thirty five percent of the LBW neonates were SGA. Among the AGA neonates, 39 % were LBW neonates. The mean height and weight of the LBW neonates were significantly lower compared to NBW neonates throughout infancy. The increment in kidney volume was in accordance with the change in body size, being lower in LBW compared to NBW infants. The combined kidney volume was significantly lower in LBW and SGA neonates across all three time points (p < 0.001). CysGFR in the LBW and SGA infants, despite having low kidney volumes, were comparable to the GFRs of NBW and AGA neonates at the end of infancy.ConclusionThis study highlights the fact that both birth weight and gestational age influence kidney growth and function in infancy. At the end of infancy, despite a significant difference in kidney volumes and age at last follow up, the glomerular filtration rate was comparable between LBW and NBW infants. Though not statistically significant, there was a trend towards higher urine microalbumin in LBW compared to NBW in infancy.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-016-0314-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Smaller kidney size at birth in South Asians: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study

Abstract: South Asian babies have smaller kidneys compared with white British babies, even after adjusting for potential confounders including birth weight. This finding may contribute to increased risks of adult kidney disease in South Asian populations.

Cited by 18 publications

References 55 publications

Chronic kidney disease hotspots in developing countries in South Asia

Chronic kidney disease hotspots in developing countries in South Asia

Prevalence of Respiratory Manifestations in Chronic Kidney Diseases; A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal

Are low birth weight neonates at risk for suboptimal renal growth and function during infancy?

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