Small-Scale Map Projection Design

Canters, Frank

doi:10.4324/9780203472095

Cited by 82 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…Canters states that distortions identifiable at the local level based on Tissot s indicatrix are three; angle, area and scale (Canters and Decleir, 1989;Canters, 2002). these two parameters, it is possible to find the local distortion index on angle, area and scale (Canters and Decleir, 1989).…”

Section: Lambert Conformal Conic Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When illustrating the distortion generated by such scale factor (SF), the standard line is the reference line of map weighted mean error in the overall scale distortion, D ab and the following indicates the formula (Canters and Decleir, 1989;Canters, 2002).…”

Section: Lambert Conformal Conic Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paying attention to the fact that the focus of distortion does not concentrate on the entire globe but on the land area, Canters additionally defines the distortion index, calculated only for the land area; D anc , D arc , D abc (Canters and Decleir, 1989;Canters, 2002) Canters (2002), instead of applying a specific calculation to the previously mentioned three global distortion indexes, believed that the scale distortion index can be used as the projections. The longitude line (meridian), the latitude line or the equator is used for the standard line and no distortion is generated along the standard line.…”

Section: Lambert Conformal Conic Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small Scale Map Projection and Coordinate System Improvement in Consideration of Usability and Compatibility

Choi¹,

Gil²,

Woo³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogramm

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Small-scale maps currently used are made by scanning and editing printed maps and its shortcoming is accumulated errors at the time of editing and low accuracy. TM projection method is used but its accuracy varies. In addition, small-scale maps are made without consideration of usability and compatibility with other scale maps. Therefore, it is necessary to suggest projection and coordinates system improvement methods in consideration of usability and compatibility between data. The results of this study reveal that in order to make the optimum small-scale map, projection that fits the purpose of map usage in each scale, coordinate system and neat line composition should be selected in consideration of interrelation and compatibility with other maps. Conic projection should be used to accurately illustrate the entire country, but considering usability and compatibility with other maps, traversing cylindrical projection should be used instead of conic projection. For coordinates system of the small-scale map, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM-K) based on the World Geodetic System should be used instead of conventional longitude and latitude coordinate system or Transverse Mercator.

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Section: Lambert Conformal Conic Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lambert Conformal Conic Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lambert Conformal Conic Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Small Scale Map Projection and Coordinate System Improvement in Consideration of Usability and Compatibility

Choi¹,

Gil²,

Woo³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogramm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several classifications and selection guidelines exist for map projections (e.g., [12], [16], [18], [29], [33], and for overviews [5], [7], [21]). Snyder has presented the most systematic and practical selection guideline, so far, for map projections [29].…”

Section: Selecting a Map Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Composite Map Projections

Jenny

2012

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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All major web mapping services use the web Mercator projection. This is a poor choice for maps of the entire globe or areas of the size of continents or larger countries because the Mercator projection shows medium and higher latitudes with extreme areal distortion and provides an erroneous impression of distances and relative areas. The web Mercator projection is also not able to show the entire globe, as polar latitudes cannot be mapped. When selecting an alternative projection for information visualization, rivaling factors have to be taken into account, such as map scale, the geographic area shown, the map's height-to-width ratio, and the type of cartographic visualization. It is impossible for a single map projection to meet the requirements for all these factors. The proposed composite map projection combines several projections that are recommended in cartographic literature and seamlessly morphs map space as the user changes map scale or the geographic region displayed. The composite projection adapts the map's geometry to scale, to the map's height-to-width ratio, and to the central latitude of the displayed area by replacing projections and adjusting their parameters. The composite projection shows the entire globe including poles; it portrays continents or larger countries with less distortion (optionally without areal distortion); and it can morph to the web Mercator projection for maps showing small regions.

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“…These indices compute distortion for the entire globe and for terrestrial areas only (Canters, 2002). The Acceptance index is an additional numerical measure that summarizes overall projection distortion (Capek, 2001).…”

Section: Distortion Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Flex Projector–Interactive Software for Designing World Map Projections

Jenny¹,

Patterson²,

Hurni³

2008

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INTRODUCTIONFlex Projector is a free, open-source, and cross-platform software application that allows cartographers to interactively design custom projections for small-scale world maps. It specializes in cylindrical, and pseudocylindrical projections, as well as polyconical projections with curved parallels. Giving meridians non-uniform spacing is an option for all classes of projections. The interface of Flex Projector enables cartographers to shape the projection graticule, and provides visual and numerical feedback to judge its distortion properties. The intended users of Flex Projector are those without specialized mathematical expertise, including practicing mapmakers and cartography students. The pages that follow discuss why the authors developed Flex Projector, give an overview of its features, and introduce two new map projections created by the authors with this new software: the A4 and the Natural Earth projection. Flex Projector is available at www.flexprojector.com.espite the central importance of projections to mapmaking, prior to the release of Flex Projector few cartographers have ever created a map projection. Explanations for this lack of involvement include the ready availability of existing map projections; the time and tedium associated with designing projections, with no guarantee of success; and, the general lack of mathematical expertise needed to devise projections. It is an opaque undertaking to all but a few. Not that these barriers have prevented cartographers from informally experimenting with new projection designs. In the pre-digital era, pencils, graph paper, French curves, and optical devices were the tools of choice for such tinkering. Today, programs such as Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator offer innumerable graphical tools for changing the appearance of a projection with just the click of a mouse. What cartographer in an uninhibited moment has not thought about adjusting the width-to-height proportions of a map so that it would fit better in a graphical layout, or perhaps applying a transformation filter to portray the world with a unique new shape? It is completely natural that mapmakers should want control over the look of world map projections beyond what is possible by adjusting the parameters of existing map projections. In an era when nearly all aspects of mapmaking are customizable by the user, map projection design has been a bastion of specialization.Taking a cue from the way cartographers work, Flex Projector offers a suite of graphical tools and interactive feedback for the design of custom world map projections. Guiding the software design was the idea that shape and form are the primary determinants for selecting a projection- cartographic perspectives an acknowledgement that maps are inherently graphical. Flex Projector, however, is more than just a glorified graphical application for reshaping how the world looks. It alters the internal geometry of existing projections to create new projections, provides the user with detailed information about the angular, are...

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Small-Scale Map Projection Design

Cited by 82 publications

References 0 publications

Small Scale Map Projection and Coordinate System Improvement in Consideration of Usability and Compatibility

Small Scale Map Projection and Coordinate System Improvement in Consideration of Usability and Compatibility

Adaptive Composite Map Projections

Flex Projector–Interactive Software for Designing World Map Projections

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