Small-scale Fisheries, Livelihoods, and Food Security of Riverine People

Hallwass, Gustavo; Silva, Luís Henrique Tomazoni da; Nagl, Paula; Clauzet, Mariana; Begossi, Alpina

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49146-8_3

Cited by 9 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…These people are descendants of indigenous Brazilians and Portuguese colonizers, but more recently there has been an immigration of people from the northeast of Brazil (Begossi, 1998). The small-scale fisheries are predominant in these tropical rivers in the Brazilian Amazon (Bayley and Petrere, 1989;Hallwass et al, 2011Hallwass et al, , 2020a, where fishing is considered to be amongst the most important economic activities, both for subsistence and for commercialization, in addition to smallscale agriculture and livestock (McGrath et al, 2008;Runde et al, 2020). The level of formal education of fishers limits their reallocation to other economic activities not directly related to the use of natural resources (Lima et al, 2012).…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(c) Who eats this fish? Six species, or groups of species that receive the same popular name, were chosen, which occur both in the Tapajós river and in the Tocantins river, because these fish belong to different trophic level (according to the literature) and because they are important for fishing (trade or consumption) (Hallwass et al, 2011(Hallwass et al, , 2013(Hallwass et al, , 2020aRunde et al, 2020). The fish species chosen were Pescada (Plagioscion squamosissimus), Tucunaré (Cichla pinima), Piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus), Aracu (Leporinus fasciatus), Charuto (Hemiodus unimaculatus), and Jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp.).…”

Section: Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Taking Fishers’ Knowledge to the Lab’: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understand Fish Trophic Relationships in the Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2021

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Trophic levels can be applied to describe the ecological role of organisms in food webs and assess changes in ecosystems. Stable isotopes analysis can assist in the understanding of trophic interactions and use of food resources by aquatic organisms. The local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers can be an alternative to advance understanding about fish trophic interactions and to construct aquatic food webs, especially in regions lacking research capacity. The objectives of this study are: to calculate the trophic levels of six fish species important to fishing by combining data from stable isotopes analysis and fishers’ LEK in two clear water rivers (Tapajós and Tocantins) in the Brazilian Amazon; to compare the trophic levels of these fish between the two methods (stable isotopes analysis and LEK) and the two rivers; and to develop diagrams representing the trophic webs of the main fish prey and predators based on fisher’s LEK. The fish species studied were Pescada (Plagioscion squamosissimus), Tucunaré (Cichla pinima), Piranha (Serrasalmus rhombeus), Aracu (Leporinus fasciatus), Charuto (Hemiodus unimaculatus), and Jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp.). A total of 98 interviews and 63 samples for stable isotopes analysis were carried out in both rivers. The average fish trophic levels did not differ between the stable isotopes analysis and the LEK in the Tapajós, nor in the Tocantins Rivers. The overall trophic level of the studied fish species obtained through the LEK did not differ from data obtained through the stable isotopes analysis in both rivers, except for the Aracu in the Tapajós River. The main food items consumed by the fish according to fishers’ LEK did agree with fish diets as described in the biological literature. Fishers provided useful information on fish predators and feeding habits of endangered species, such as river dolphin and river otter. Collaboration with fishers through LEK studies can be a viable approach to produce reliable data on fish trophic ecology to improve fisheries management and species conservation in tropical freshwater environments and other regions with data limitations.

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Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Taking Fishers’ Knowledge to the Lab’: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understand Fish Trophic Relationships in the Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2021

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“…It can be considered that the selectivity of the fisheries studied was not influenced by fish discards, as the small‐scale fisheries in the Brazilian Amazon usually rely on low‐valued fish species for subsistence and sell high‐valued fish on the market, therefore reducing bycatch (Batista et al, 1998; Hallwass et al, 2011). This difference in selectivity could be related to the fact that fishers in the RESEX in the Negro River use more selective fishing gears, such as hand lines and harpoons, more often than gillnets (Hallwass et al, 2020). However, multivariate analyses indicated no difference between frugivorous and non‐frugivorous fish regarding the fishing gears used by fishers to catch them in the Negro (Global R = −0.07, P = 0.76, including 22 fish species and six fishing gears) and the Tapajós (Global R = −0.12, P = 0.81, including 34 fish species and eight fishing gears).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The traditional inhabitants of the Amazon Basin, locally referred to as ribeirinhos are mostly peasants of mixed ethnicity (indigenous, European, and African), whose activities are increasingly linked to regional markets (Piperata, 2007), but who still rely heavily on fish as their main source of protein and rely on artisanal fisheries and agriculture for subsistence and cash income (Begossi et al, 1999; Silva & Begossi, 2009; Oliveira et al, 2010; Hallwass et al, 2011; Begossi et al, 2019). In the Amazon Basin, artisanal fisheries are multi‐species with high seasonality, as fishers use a diverse set of gears, such as lines, longlines, gillnets, cast nets, and spears to target distinct fish (Bayley & Petrere, 1989; Hallwass et al, 2011; Hallwass et al, 2013a; Keppeler et al, 2020; Hallwass et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of fishers per trip (average of 1.6 ± 0.9 fishers) did not differ between the rivers studied and protected areas, as 84.6% of total landings were conducted by one or two fishers (Figure S2). Gillnets were the main fishing gear used by most of the communities, except for those within the RESEX in Negro River, where harpoon and hand line were the most used (Hallwass et al, 2020). The analyses of a subset of data on fish landings indicated a low variation in the number of nets used by fishers, as most fish landings (87.5% of the total recorded) used up to four gillnets (Figure S3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protected areas and frugivorous fish in tropical rivers: Small‐scale fisheries, conservation and ecosystem services

Nagl

Hallwass

Tomazoni-Silva

et al. 2021

Aquatic Conservation

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Frugivorous fish provide often conflicting ecosystem services of seed dispersal and food provisioning in tropical rivers. Fishing may reduce the size and abundance of frugivorous fish, thus affecting their potential as seed dispersers, which could affect the conservation of these fish and of floodplain forests. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of co‐managed protected areas in the form of extractive reserves (RESEX) and small‐scale fisheries on frugivorous fish in the Tapajós and Negro rivers, in the Brazilian Amazon. The study examined whether: (i) frugivorous fish are important for fisheries and selectively caught; and (ii) frugivorous fish abundance, size and fisheries catch per unit of effort are higher inside the RESEX than outside. The analyses included fisheries‐dependent data (3,753 fish landings) and independent data (12,730 sampled fish) collected in 16 fishing communities (eight for each river). In both rivers, frugivorous fish are among the 10 species caught the most and frugivorous biomass was proportionately higher in landings than in samplings, indicating fisheries selectivity towards these fishes. In both rivers, catches of frugivorous fish were higher outside the RESEX than inside. Catch per unit effort and the proportion of frugivores in the catch were higher outside the RESEX in the Tapajós River but did not vary between sites inside and outside the RESEX in the Negro River. Frugivorous fish were larger inside the RESEX in the Negro, but smaller inside the RESEX in the Tapajós. The results indicated that the ecosystem services of seed dispersal and food source provided by frugivorous fish are not in conflict in the tropical rivers studied. Therefore, these clearwater and blackwater rivers in the Brazilian Amazon show a balance between fisheries and conservation of frugivorous fish, which play an essential role in the functioning of tropical floodplain forest ecosystems.

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Food web modeling indicates the potential impacts of increasing deforestation and fishing pressure in the Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2021

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Small-scale Fisheries, Livelihoods, and Food Security of Riverine People

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

‘Taking Fishers’ Knowledge to the Lab’: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understand Fish Trophic Relationships in the Brazilian Amazon

‘Taking Fishers’ Knowledge to the Lab’: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understand Fish Trophic Relationships in the Brazilian Amazon

Protected areas and frugivorous fish in tropical rivers: Small‐scale fisheries, conservation and ecosystem services

Food web modeling indicates the potential impacts of increasing deforestation and fishing pressure in the Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazon

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