Food web modeling indicates the potential impacts of increasing deforestation and fishing pressure in the Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazon

Exploring multiple stressor effects with Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace: Research designs, modeling techniques, and future directions

“…A single article focused on a terrestrial system (Fretzer, 2015), and some articles included both terrestrial and aquatic components (2%). For example, Reyes-Martínez et al (2015) built a food web model for a sandy beach, and Capitani et al (2021a) modeled the loss of floodplain forest habitat. While we did not exclude any ecosystem types from this review a priori, the existing literature and therefore our results pertain mainly to aquatic systems.…”

“…Then, Section 5.4 summarizes progress towards an Ecospace-based simulation framework that can represent many human activities at the same time. Beecham et al, 2015;Bell et al, 2013;Bentley et al, 2020Bentley et al, , 2017Booth and Zeller, 2005;Bourdaud et al, 2021;Brown et al, 2010;Capitani et al, 2021a;Christensen et al, 2015;Coll et al, 2016Coll et al, , 2020Corrales et al, 2018Corrales et al, , 2017aCostalago et al, 2019;Dahood et al, 2020Dahood et al, , 2019de Mutsert et al, 2021;Ehrnsten et al, 2019;Field et al, 2006;Fulton, 2011;Fulton et al, 2018;Griffiths et al, 2010;Hernvann et al, 2020;Heymans et al, 2007; • Forcing of primary production or phytoplankton biomass • Forcing functions based on, e.g., temperature anomalies or climate indices • Environmental response functions to temperature based on geographic species distributions • Coral bleaching as short-term mortality events (emulated as a fishery) • Environmental data from historical time series (e.g., satellite-measured sea surface temperature) or future projections from earth system models • Related habitat changes (e.g., sea ice loss): See section "Habitat loss and restoration" al., 2013b;Howell et al, 2013;Hyytiäinen et al, 2021;Kumar et al, 2017;Li et al, 2014;Libralato et al, 2015;Lira et al, 2021;Lockerbie and Shannon, 2019;Neira et al, 2009;Niiranen ...…”

Exploring multiple stressor effects with Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace: Research designs, modeling techniques, and future directions

“…A detailed breakdown of modeled stressors and summary of the applied modeling techniques are found in Section 6.3. Capitani et al, 2021a;Christensen et al, 2015;Coll et al, 2016Coll et al, , 2020Corrales et al, 2018Corrales et al, , 2017aCostalago et al, 2019;Dahood et al, 2020Dahood et al, , 2019de Mutsert et al, 2021;Ehrnsten et al, 2019;Field et al, 2006;Fulton, 2011;Fulton et al, 2018;Griffiths et al, 2010;Hernvann et al, 2020;Heymans et al, 2007;Hoover et al, 2013b;Howell et al, 2013;Hyytiäinen et al, 2021;Kumar et al, 2017;Li et al, 2014;Libralato et al, 2015;Lira et al, 2021;Lockerbie and Shannon, 2019;Neira et al, 2009;Niiranen et al, 2013Niiranen et al, , 2012Ortega-Cisneros et al, 2018;Parrish et al, 2012;Pedersen et al, 2021;Serpetti et al, 2017;Shannon et al, 2008;Sinnickson et al, 2021;Smith et al, 2021;Steenbeek et al, 2013;Suprenand and Ainsworth, 2017;Taylor et al, 2008aTaylor et al, , 2008b<...…”

“…Alva-Basurto and Arias-González, 2014; Capitani et al, 2021a;Dahood et al, 2020Dahood et al, , 2019de Mutsert et al, 2021;Espinosa-Romero et al, 2011;Fretzer, 2015;Frisk et al, 2011;Goncalves et al, 2021 Bauer et al, 2019Bauer et al, , 2018Beecham et al, 2015;Costalago et al, 2019;Daskalov, 2002;de Mutsert et al, 2016;Ehrnsten et al, 2019;Hansson et al, 2007;Hyytiäinen et al, 2021;Kao et al, 2014;Libralato et al, 2015;Ma et al, 2010;Niiranen et al, 2013;Okey et al, 2004;Österblom et al, 2007;Sakamoto and Shirakihara, 2017;Uusitalo et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2020 • Forcing functions for primary production or producer biomass (e.g., based on satellite data or biogeochemical models) • Shading of benthic vegetation as forced mortality (fishing) • Deoxygenation as forcing functions, e.g., modifying fish egg production based on water volumes with oxygen levels above a recruitment threshold…”

“…Gregr et al (2020) and Espinosa-Romero et al (2011) modeled the expansion of kelp habitat after the reintroduction of sea otters in British Columbia via mediating functions and the addition of a kelp detritus compartment. Other studies explored the effects of habitat loss in Ecosim by forcing biomasses or production of the species groups associated with the habitat proportional to the changes in habitat availability (Capitani et al, 2021a;Frisk et al, 2011), or by environmental response functions relating foraging area size to habitat availability (de Mutsert et al, 2021). The reduced extent of sea ice due to warming has been modeled by forcing the primary production of ice algae (Pedersen et al, 2021;Suprenand and Ainsworth, 2017) as well as mediation functions that reduced the foraging area of polar bears and increased the vulnerability of fish that seek shelter in crevasses (Hoover et al, 2013b).…”