Small scale biomass heating systems: Standards, quality labelling and market driving factors – An EU outlook

Verma, Vijay; Bram, Svend; Ruyck, Jacques De

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.06.002

Cited by 98 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Oats burned with the lowest CO concentrations of all the fuels tested including wood. CO concentrations recorded when triticale, oats and wheat were burnt at 15% moisture were all lower than the strict emission standards of the German authorities (Verma et al, 2009) although CO concentrations during wood pellet combustion were higher than this standard. The effect of decreasing moisture content on emissions of NO x was inconsistent.…”

Section: Efficiency Emissions and Clinker Formationmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…NO x emissions were similar to levels reported previously for cereal grains by Hartmann et al, (2008). There are no internationally agreed standards for NO x emissions from combustion of solid biomass fuels, although Austria has recommended a standard of 150 mg/MJ (ECS, 1999 (Verma et al 2009). NO x emissions from all the cereal grains at 15% moisture exceeded the Blue Angel and UZ-37 labels while all cereal grains with the exception of barley exceeded the NO x emission limits in the Swan Mark label.…”

Section: Efficiency Emissions and Clinker Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cereal grain combustion in domestic boilers

Keppel

Finnan

Rice

et al. 2013

Biosystems Engineering

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This study compared the combustion characteristics and the combustion behaviour of oats, barley, triticale and wheat to that of wood pellets. Sustained grain combustion in domestic boilers was feasible but problematic, the main impediment being clinker formation with ash agglomeration. Clinker formation was lowest for oats which burned easily with fewer operational problems. Triticale displayed reasonably good combustion characteristics and also ignited easily. In contrast, barley and wheat proved difficult to ignite while barley combustion was prone to self-extinguish. Thermal and combustion efficiency and heat output were considerably higher at a grain moisture content of 15% compared to a moisture content of 20%. The efficiency of oat combustion was similar to that of wood pellets at a moisture content of 15%. Carbon monoxide (CO) emission from cereal grains increased with increasing moisture content, but was still below limit values. Oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emissions from cereal combustion were high and would require reduction by limiting the quantity of nitrogen applied to the crop and/or the use of air staging. Oats proved superior to the other grains as a combustion feedstock with similar efficiencies to those of wood pellets but low moisture content is a prerequisite for efficient grain combustion.

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Section: Efficiency Emissions and Clinker Formationmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Efficiency Emissions and Clinker Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereal grain combustion in domestic boilers

Keppel

Finnan

Rice

et al. 2013

Biosystems Engineering

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“…Use of biomass for energy production comprises the advantages such as reduced CO 2 emissions from combustion of fossil fuels, reduced SO 2 formation through a decrease in fuel bound sulphur and reduced NO x formation through a reduction in fuel bound nitrogen. In the EU countries and Russia, biomass boilers have some differences [4]. Emissions and efficiency of biomass heat energy systems vary as a function of quality of fuel, combustion technology used and operational conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of burner form and pellet type on domestic pellet boiler performance

Rastvorov

Осинцев

Toropov

2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Abstract. The study presents combustion and emission results obtained using two serial pellet boilers of the same heating capacity 40 kW. These boilers have been designed by producers for domestic conditions of exploitation. The principal difference between boilers was the type of the burner. The study concerns the efficiency and ecological performance difference between burners of circular and rectangular forms. The features of the combustion process in both types of burners were studied when boiler operated with different sorts of pellets. The results suggest that the burner of circular form excels the rectangular form burner. However, there is some difference of NO x emission between circular and rectangular burners. IntroductionAt present day many economical, technical, ecological, as well as political reasons motivate firms and homeowners to use their own autonomous, independent of central heating pipeline and gas pipeline heat energy sources. The causes of such choice usually are striving for independence of the heat supplying organization pricing policy, avoidance of bureaucratic apparatus cooperation with (in questions of tariff agreement, the correspondence heating pipeline and gas pipeline connection standards, payment for extra project documentation necessary for central pipeline connection), unwillingness to bear expenses for the heat energy losses in a long and, sometimes, not of perfect quality heating pipeline from a relatively distant central heating source. A diesel fuel boiler, a wood boiler, a coal boiler, a heat pump may be used as independent heat energy source, when it is technically possible. A boiler with biomass and a boiler with granules can also be used. The use of boilers with fuel manual load with relatively big heat power is complicated by the need of heavy manual work. Diesel fuel heating is appreciably more expensive that all others named above and causes serious air pollution. The heat pump for relatively big heat power requires sufficiently big electrical power; a pellet or ground biomass boiler is the most suitable option for such decision.In the last 15-20 years pellet boilers have gained serious popularity in Russia and the EU countries and the number of sold pellet boilers keeps growing. The high prevalence of such heat energy sources is reached thanks to several certain factors: easiness of automatization of the fuel feeding process owing to the standardized size of pellets; easy ash removal that can be automatic or manual, because the pellets ash content seldom exceeds 4 %. The exception is pellets made of straw with the ash content from 7 to 10 percent; compactness of all equipment as compared with unstandardized solid fuel boilers; accessibility of pellets in the market, reasonable price for domestic use. In all pellet boilers the fuel-bed firing technology is used. However, prevailing burner and feeding systems in the EU countries and Russia are different.

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“…Generally speaking, in case of wood log combustion carbon monoxide emission is much higher than in case of wood pellet combustion (Juszczak, 2014;Qui, 2013;Verma et al, 2009;2011;. Therefore studies have been conducted to examine the optimal conditions for wood log firing that would enable reducing pollutant emission (especially carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons) for this specific type of fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between air flow rate and pollutant concentrations during two-stage oak log combustion in a 25 KW residential boiler

Juszczak¹

2016

Chemical and Process Engineering

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It can be expected that there is a considerable correlation between combustion air flow rate and the concentrations of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide in the flue gas. The influence of temperature and oxygen concentration in the combustion zone on the concentrations of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide in the flue gas, for high and low combustion air flow, was analysed. Oxygen concentration for which the concentration of carbon monoxide is the lowest was determined, as well as the mutual relation between carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide concentration.

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Small scale biomass heating systems: Standards, quality labelling and market driving factors – An EU outlook

Cited by 98 publications

References 22 publications

Cereal grain combustion in domestic boilers

Cereal grain combustion in domestic boilers

Influence of burner form and pellet type on domestic pellet boiler performance

Correlation between air flow rate and pollutant concentrations during two-stage oak log combustion in a 25 KW residential boiler

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