The methodology of theoretical studies of heat exchange processes in boiler units based on the mathematical model of burning coal dust has been developed. For the first time, the continuous curve of the fractional composition of an ensemble of coal particles is presented. The mathematical model is consistent with the aeromechanical and thermal characteristics of the torch, obtained on the basis of calculated and experimental data. The concept of a torch continuum is introduced as a continuous medium in which the processes of combustion and heat exchange are investigated. The methods of dividing the combustion chamber into zones, the equations of stationary and non-stationary heat conduction, radiation and convective heat exchange are used. These methods have been tested on a number of high-temperature installations, including boilers with natural circulation, for example, E-220 at the CHP plant in Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic in the Central Asian region. In the course of the experiments, coals with different thermal characteristics were burned. In a special computer program obtained a 3D image of burning coal dust. Analysis of the calculated and experimental data showed a discrepancy between them of 4-5%. Analysis of computer simulation data showed a discrepancy with the calculated data of 3-4%, and with experimental 5-6%. Thus, the dependence of the parameters of the heterogeneous flame on the mathematical description of the fractional composition of coal dust is substantiated and the characteristics of the combustion process, previously not taken into account in the theory of heat transfer, are revealed. The task was solved-theoretically confirmed new methodological approaches to the theory of heat transfer in the furnace of the boiler unit.
The existing theories of heat transfer in combustion chambers of boiler units fail to take into account a number of important factors that affect the reliability of results, and the methodological approaches to optimizing combustion processes can be revised in view of the spatial and temporal parameters of flame. Hence, the research aimed to improve the fundamental theoretical and methodological principles of studying heat transfer in coal dust combustion in the combustion chambers of industrial steam generators. The authors proposed to extend the theory of heat transfer with the mathematical description of particle size distribution of coal dust. In addition, the authors used the developed mathematical model of coal dust combustion based on a continuous curve of the particle size distribution in the ensemble. The mathematical model is consistent with the aeromechanical and thermal characteristics of flame. This work introduced a concept of flame continuum as a continuous medium, where the processes of combustion and heat transfer are studied. To achieve the research aim, in this paper, the methods of combustion chamber zoning, the equations of stationary and non-stationary heat conduction, radiation, and convective heat transfer, were used. These methods were tested on a number of high-temperature units.
The existing flame processes of dual firing of gas and solid fuel are updated with reconstruction of the burners at the Chelyabinsk TÉTs-2. This is connected with marked worsening of the quality of local coal supplied to the cogeneration plant. Comparative tests of boilers with burners subjected to different degrees of updating have shown that replacement of the now used swirled method of introduction of reagents into the furnace by a uniflow one lowers the heat flows to the metal structures and to the settling of the burner throats making them more reliable. The emission of nitrogen oxides is minimized in the mode of gas firing and the activity of slagging of the furnace and of the platens is reduced in the mode of coal firing, which makes it possible to raise the steam rate of the boiler. Ways for further improvement of burner design with respect to nitrogen oxide emissions in the polydisperse flame are outlined.
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