Small ruminant production systems in Mexico and their effect on productive sustainability

Abstract

In the small ruminant sector, there is a great interest in measuring and improving their production systems and their environmental performance, since its great adaptability and inhabits a wide variety of ecosystems, with a great biodiversity of food resources, grazing in turn, generates economic-productive and environmental benefits. However, unplanned management and overexploitation of the natural resources of these areas have caused erosion, water depletion and even desertification, in the same manner intensive production systems and intensive agriculture that feeds these farming systems. To compare scientific innovations in the sustainability of the different production systems of small ruminants a bibliometric analysis was carried out to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the management of extensive, semi-intensive and intensive-stable production systems in the sustainability of small ruminants. There is concern in society about the environmental impact of animal production systems and that these have been carried out in a sustainable way. This trend influences the production of sheep, goats, and white-tailed deer, which are develop in intensive, semi-extensive and extensive systems. Due to the pressure to increase the volume and efficiency of production and to cope with demand, intensive systems are best suited, but face greater environmental such emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which contribute to global warming and animal environmental problems. On the other hand, semi-extensive and extensive systems also emit GHGs, however are associated with greater animal welfare and cleaner production. However, are affected by seasonal variations for forage production to maintain production levels.

Sustainability evaluation of sheep production in the páramo ecosystem of Cerrito Santander municipality, Colombia

“…However, it should be noted, that production systems based on grazing are more sustainable than those based on having large numbers of animals in stables, because the presence of pastures and in some cases trees, allows carbon sequestration produced by animals. (Contreras et al, 2019;Chávez-Espinoza et al, 2022).…”

“…In recent years, sheep production conditions have changed substantially, influenced by factors such as climate risk, new approaches to animal health and welfare, the crisis of raw materials and/or the perception that consumers have of the livestock (Chávez-Espinoza et al, 2022;Avendaño and Navarro, 2020).…”